python 7-1 如何派生内置不可变类型(int,str,tuple,float)并修改实例化行为,继承内置tuple并实现__new__

7-1 如何派生内置不可变类型(int,str,tuple,float)并修改实例化行为

解决方案:
定义类IntTuple继承内置tuple，并实现new，修改实例化行为

比如我们需要做一个定制化的浮点数，只取小数点后面2位

class MyFloat(float):
    def __init__(self,floatDigit):
        super(MyFloat,self).__init__(self,floatDigit)

    def __new__(cls,floatDigit):
        return super(MyFloat,cls).__new__(cls,round(floatDigit,2))



python在__init__调用之前其实对象已经生成好了，在__init__就是直接使用self对象

__new__在__init__之前被调用，__new__的返回值（实例）将传递给__init__方法的第一个参数，然后__init__给这个实例设置一些参数

允许继承不可变类型(str，int， tuple)



class super(object)
 |  super(type) -> unbound super object
 |  super(type, obj) -> bound super object; requires isinstance(obj, type)
 |  super(type, type2) -> bound super object; requires issubclass(type2, type)
 |  Typical use to call a cooperative superclass method:
 |  class C(B):
 |      def meth(self, arg):
 |          super(C, self).meth(arg)
 |  
 |  Methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __get__(...)
 |      descr.__get__(obj[, type]) -> value
 |  
 |  __getattribute__(...)
 |      x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
 |  
 |  __init__(...)
 |      x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
 |  
 |  __repr__(...)
 |      x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data descriptors defined here:
 |  
 |  __self__
 |      the instance invoking super(); may be None
 |  
 |  __self_class__
 |      the type of the instance invoking super(); may be None
 |  
 |  __thisclass__
 |      the class invoking super()
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data and other attributes defined here:
 |  
 |  __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
 |      T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T

比如实现整型tuple

class IntTuple(tuple):
    def __init__(self,iterable):
        #before
        print self  #在 __new__中已经生成好了
        super(IntTuple,self).__init__(iterable)
        #after
    def __new__(cls,iterable):
        g=( x for x in iterable if isinstance(x,int) and x >0 )
        return super(IntTuple,cls).__new__(cls,g)

t=IntTuple([1,-1,'abc',6,['x','y'],3])
print t

class MyFloat(float):
    def __init__(self,floatDigit):
        super(MyFloat,self).__init__(self,floatDigit)

    def __new__(cls,floatDigit):
        return super(MyFloat,cls).__new__(cls,round(floatDigit,2))


a=MyFloat(2.32533)
print a
print issubclass(MyFloat, MyFloat)