在ARC下理解@property和@synthesize机制:
情况一:成员变量 @property @synthesize 同一个名字
@interface Person : NSObject
{
@public
NSString* birthday;
}
@property NSString* birthday;
@end
#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
@synthesize birthday;
@end
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import "Person.h"
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
Person* p = [[Person alloc] init];
p-> birthday = @"1987-08-20";<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//赋值成员变量
p.birthday = @"1986-08-08";<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//赋值点取的birthday<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>
NSLog(@"p-> birthday :%@ --- %p", p->birthday, p->birthday); //分别输出成员变量和点取的值和地址
NSLog(@"p.birthday :%@ --- %p", p.birthday, p.birthday);
return UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, NSStringFromClass([AppDelegate class]));
}
}
结论:成员变量和@property同名且指定@synthesize时候,p-> variable和p.variable效果一样,指的是同一个变量。那为什么会指的是同一个变量呢,因为@synthesize birthday; 编译器会自动监测成员变量有没有同名的,如果有,则做操作:@synthesize birthday = birthday;(后者为成员变量的birthday)。这样属性和成员变量就为同一个变量。那么,假设成员变量没有birthday,只有@property和@synthesize有birthday会怎么样,请看情况五。
情况二:在情况一的基础下将@synthesize去掉
这时候报了一个警告:
大意就是被自动生成的birthday变量将使用自动生成的实例变量_birthday,不存在实例变量birthday。
这时候的输出是:
很明显没有了@synthesize后,@property的birthday和成员变量的birthday完全不是一个变量,这个时候在Person类增加一个输出方法:
- (void)printInfo
{
NSLog(@"_birthdat = %@", _birthday);
}
在看看结果如下:
很显然说明结果:如果不使用@synthesize,编译器默认自动生成属性birthday为:_birthday即加下划线,其实很多好处,最大好处的防止方法同名(getset中)。这个时候生成的下划线_birthday和成员变量birthday没有任何关系哦
情况三:情况二的一种特例,如果成员变量声明的恰好的是下划线_sex,@property sex,没有@synthesize那会怎么样呢?
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Person : NSObject
{
@public
NSString* _sex;
}
@property NSString* sex;
- (void)printInfo;
@end
#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
- (void)printInfo
{
NSLog(@"_sex = %@", _sex);
NSLog(@"self.sex = %@", self.sex);
}
@end
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import "Person.h"
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
Person* p = [[Person alloc] init];
p->_sex = @"female";
NSLog(@"p->_sex = %@ --- %p", p->_sex, p->_sex);
NSLog(@"p.sex = %@ --- %p", p.sex, p.sex);
p.sex = @"male";
NSLog(@"p->_sex = %@ --- %p", p->_sex, p->_sex);
NSLog(@"p.sex = %@ --- %p", p.sex, p.sex);
NSLog(@"---------------");
[p printInfo];
return UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, NSStringFromClass([AppDelegate class]));
}
}
结果:如有只有@property sex而没有@synthesize的话,就会自动生成一个_sex变量,如果恰好有成员变量_sex,这个时候他们是同一个变量,和情况二相比编译器并没有报警告为难你哦。
情况四:成员变量使用_position下划线,@property声明没有下划线变量position,@synthesize声明没有下划线变量position
@interface Person : NSObject
{
@public
NSString* _position;
}
@property NSString* position;
@end
#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
@synthesize position;
- (void)printInfo
{
NSLog(@"position = %@", _positon);
NSLog(@"position = %@", position);
}
@end
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
Person* p = [[Person alloc] init];
p-> _positon = @"developer";
p.position = @"architect";
NSLog(@"p->_position :%@ --- %p", p-> _positon, p-> _positon);
NSLog(@"p.position :%@ --- %p", p.position, p.position);
[p printInfo];
return UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, NSStringFromClass([AppDelegate class]));
}
}
结论:进一步验证了上面的结论@synthesize position; 相当于:@synthesize position = position;而不会自动生成下划线变量。
情况五:成员变量_degress,@property degress,@synthesize degress = _degress
@interface Person : NSObject
{
@public
NSString* _degress;
}
@property NSString* degress;
@end
#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
@synthesize degress = _degress;
- (void)printInfo
{
NSLog(@"_degress = %@", _degress);
NSLog(@"degress = %@", degress); ----- 报错,不能省
//经修改后 <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> </span><span class="s2">NSLog</span><span class="s1">(</span><span class="s3">@"self.degress = %@"</span><span class="s1">, </span><span class="s4">self</span><span class="s1">.</span><span class="s2">degress</span><span class="s1">);</span></p>}
@end
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
Person* p = [[Person alloc] init];
p.degress = @"undergraduate";
NSLog(@"p->_degress :%@ --- %p", p->_degress, p->_degress);
NSLog(@"p.degress :%@ --- %p", p.degress, p.degress);
p->_degress = @"graduate";
NSLog(@"p->_degress :%@ --- %p", p->_degress, p->_degress);
NSLog(@"p.degress :%@ --- %p", p.degress, p.degress);
NSLog(@"----------------------");
[p printInfo];
return UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, NSStringFromClass([AppDelegate class]));
}
}
结论:通过@synthesize degress = _degress;相当于将属性degress指定别名_degress,这时候成员变量和属性为同一个变量,而且不能直接获取degress,进一步说明上面的结论。
情况六:成员变量中没有,@property中声明education,@synthesize声明education
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Person : NSObject
@property NSString* education;
@end<span style="color:#cc33cc;">
</span>
#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
@synthesize education;
- (void)printInfo
{
NSLog(@"education = %@", self.education);
NSLog(@"education = %@", education);
}
@end
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import "Person.h"
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
Person* p = [[Person alloc] init];
p.education = @"scnu";
[p printInfo];
return UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, NSStringFromClass([AppDelegate class]));
}
}
结论:如果成员变量没有education,只分别@property education和@synthesize education的话,不生成_education,其实和_position一样情况。只是相当于@synthesize education = education罢了,导致可以直接取。
情况七:成员变量和@synthesize中没有,只在@property中声明weight
@interface Person : NSObject
@property float weight;
- (void)printInfo;
@end
#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
- (void)printInfo
{
NSLog(@"_weight = %.2f", _weight);
NSLog(@"self.weight = %.2f", self.weight);
}
@end
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import "Person.h"
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
Person* p = [[Person alloc] init];
p.weight = 128.0;
[p printInfo];
return UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, NSStringFromClass([AppDelegate class]));
}
}
结论:这个是最常用的啦。如果没有做@synthesize的话,默认生成一个_weight,但是这种语法糖很有局限性,比如你只能在Person类中取得到,但是无法通过对象p取得到。
转自和总结:(http://www.cnblogs.com/kenshincui/p/3861302.html)