优先队列

例子：

#include<iostream>
#include<functional>
#include<queue>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

//定义比较结构
struct cmp1{
    bool operator ()(int &a,int &b){
        return a>b;//最小值优先
    }
};

struct cmp2{
    bool operator ()(int &a,int &b){
        return a<b;//最大值优先
    }
};

//自定义数据结构
struct number1{
    int x;
    bool operator < (const number1 &a) const {
        return x>a.x;//最小值优先
    }
};
struct number2{
    int x;
    bool operator < (const number2 &a) const {
        return x<a.x;//最大值优先
    }
};
int a[]={14,10,56,7,83,22,36,91,3,47,72,0};
number1 num1[]={14,10,56,7,83,22,36,91,3,47,72,0};
number2 num2[]={14,10,56,7,83,22,36,91,3,47,72,0};

int main()
{    
    priority_queue<int>que;//采用默认优先级构造队列

    priority_queue<int,vector<int>,cmp1>que1;//最小值优先
    priority_queue<int,vector<int>,cmp2>que2;//最大值优先

    priority_queue<int,vector<int>,greater<int> >que3;//注意“>>”会被认为错误，
    priority_queue<int,vector<int>,less<int> >que4;最大值优先

    priority_queue<number1>que5; //最小优先级队列
    priority_queue<number2>que6;  //最大优先级队列

    int i;
    for(i=0;a[i];i++){
        que.push(a[i]);
        que1.push(a[i]);
        que2.push(a[i]);
        que3.push(a[i]);
        que4.push(a[i]);
    }
    for(i=0;num1[i].x;i++)
        que5.push(num1[i]);
    for(i=0;num2[i].x;i++)
        que6.push(num2[i]);


    printf("采用默认优先关系:/n(priority_queue<int>que;)/n");
    printf("Queue 0:/n");
    while(!que.empty()){
        printf("%3d",que.top());
        que.pop();
    }
    puts("");
    puts("");

    printf("采用结构体自定义优先级方式一:/n(priority_queue<int,vector<int>,cmp>que;)/n");
    printf("Queue 1:/n");
    while(!que1.empty()){
        printf("%3d",que1.top());
        que1.pop();
    }
    puts("");
    printf("Queue 2:/n");
    while(!que2.empty()){
        printf("%3d",que2.top());
        que2.pop();
    }
    puts("");
    puts("");
    printf("采用头文件/"functional/"内定义优先级:/n(priority_queue<int,vector<int>,greater<int>/less<int> >que;)/n");
    printf("Queue 3:/n");
    while(!que3.empty()){
        printf("%3d",que3.top());
        que3.pop();
    }
    puts("");
    printf("Queue 4:/n");
    while(!que4.empty()){
        printf("%3d",que4.top());
        que4.pop();
    }
    puts("");
    puts("");
    printf("采用结构体自定义优先级方式二:/n(priority_queue<number>que)/n");
    printf("Queue 5:/n");
    while(!que5.empty()){
        printf("%3d",que5.top());
        que5.pop();
    }
    puts("");
    printf("Queue 6:/n");
    while(!que6.empty()){
        printf("%3d",que6.top());
        que6.pop();
    }
    puts("");
    return 0;
}
/*
运行结果 ：
采用默认优先关系:
(priority_queue<int>que;)
Queue 0:
83 72 56 47 36 22 14 10  7  3

采用结构体自定义优先级方式一:
(priority_queue<int,vector<int>,cmp>que;)
Queue 1:
 7 10 14 22 36 47 56 72 83 91
Queue 2:
83 72 56 47 36 22 14 10  7  3

采用头文件"functional"内定义优先级:
(priority_queue<int,vector<int>,greater<int>/less<int> >que;)
Queue 3:
 7 10 14 22 36 47 56 72 83 91
Queue 4:
83 72 56 47 36 22 14 10  7  3

采用结构体自定义优先级方式二:
(priority_queue<number>que)
Queue 5:
 7 10 14 22 36 47 56 72 83 91
Queue 6:
83 72 56 47 36 22 14 10  7  3
*/