Spring下使用MockMvc类进行测试

在Spring开发中,可以使用Spring自带的MockMvc这个类进行Mock测试。

所谓的Mock测试,这里我举一个通俗易懂的例子,像servlet API中的HttpServletRequest对象是Tomcat容器生成的。我们无法手动的new出来,于是就有了所谓的Mock测试

这里先上代码,之后慢慢说明每一行代码的用途。

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

/**
 * 利用MockMvc进行测试.......
 *
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:application.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
@WebAppConfiguration
public class SpringMockMvcTestTest
{
    
    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext ;
    
    private MockMvc mockMvc ;
    
    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception
    {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup( webApplicationContext ).build();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void name() throws Exception
    {
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder mockHttpServletRequestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get( "/sayHello" );
    
        mockHttpServletRequestBuilder.param( "username", "tom" ).param( "password", "jessica" );
        ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform( mockHttpServletRequestBuilder );
        resultActions.andExpect( status().isOk() );
    }
}

package springmvcpackage;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

@Controller
public class MyController
{
    
    @RequestMapping( value = "/sayHello")
    public String sayHello(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest)
    {
        String username = httpServletRequest.getParameter( "username" );
        String password = httpServletRequest.getParameter( "password" );
        System.out.println( "用户名是:" + username + "密码是:" + password );
        
        return "index";
    }
    
}

整个Demo的核心类是MockMvc这个类,所以所有的写法都是围绕着他来展开的。

首先我们需要拿到MockMvc这个对象。

我们通过

mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup( webApplicationContext ).build();

这行代码拿到mockMvc对象。 webApplicationContext通过注解自动注入。

接下来我们Mock出一个MockHttpServletRequestBuilder对象。用于模拟Http的get请求方式。

.param()方法可以给http请求携带参数,相当于  谢了这样一个url ------>  http:localhost:8080/sayHello?username=tom&password=jessica

让是调用.andExport( status().isOk())方法看请求的状态响应码是否为200如果不是则抛异常，测试不通过。