Groovy入门-字符串处理与正则表达式

字符串处理-1

println ‘lxt008 said "Groovy"'
println "lxt008 said 'Grails'"

def str1 = 'Groovy&Grails&lxt008'
println str1[4]                           //v,同getAt(4)
println str1[-1]                          //8
println str1[1..2]                        //ro
println str1[1..<3]                       //ro
println str1[4..2]                        //voo
println str1[4,1,6]                       //vr&
println str1 == 'Groovy&Grails&lxt008'    //true

字符串处理2

println 'lxt008' <=> 'lxt008'             //0
println 'lxt' <=> 'lxt008'                //-1
println 'lxt008' <=> 'Lxt008'             //1
println 'lxt008'.compareTo('Lxt008')      //32
println 'Groovy' + '&Grails' + '&lxt008'  //Groovy&Grails&lxt008
println 'Groovy' * 3                      //GroovyGroovyGroovy
println str1.length()                     //20
println str1 - 'lxt008'                   //Groovy&Grails

字符串处理3

println "Groovy".compareToIgnoreCase("groocy")          //0
println "Groovy".concat("&Grails")                      //Groovy&Grails
println "Groovy".endsWith("ovy")                        //true
println "Groovy".equalsIgnoreCase("groovy")             //true
println "Groovy".indexOf("oo")                          //2
println "Groovy&Grails".indexOf("G",6)                  //7
println "Groovy".substring(2)                           //oovy
println "Groovy".substring(2,4)                         //oo

字符串处理4

def str2 = 'Groovy'
println "[${str2.center(11)}]"                      //[  Groovy   ]
println "[${str2.center(3)}]"                       //[Groovy]
println "[${str.center(11,'=')}]"                   //[==Groovy===]
println "${str2.contain('Gr')}"                     //true
println "${str2.count('o')}"                        //2
println "${str2.count('oo')}"                       //1
println str2.leftShift('world')                     //Groovy world
println str2 << 'world'                             //Groovy world

字符串处理5

println str2.minus('vy')                           //Groo
println str2 - 'vy'                                //Groo
println str2.next()                                //Groovz ++ 运算符
println str2.previous()                            //Groovx -- 运算符
def str3 = "lxt008"
println "[${str3.padLeft(4)}]"                     //lxt008
println "[${str3.padLeft(11)}]"                    //[     lxt008]
println "[${str3.padLeft(11,'#')}]"                //[#####lxt008]
//padRight类似

字符串处理6

def str4 = "Groovy&Grails&lxt008"
println str4.replaceAll('[a-z]'){ ch ->
    ch.toUpperCase()
}//GROOVY&GRAILS&LXT008
println str4.reverse()                           //800txl&sliarG&yvoorG
println str4.size()                              //20
println str4.toCharacter()                       //G
println '123'.toDouble()                         //123.0 toFloat()/toInteger()/toLong()类似
println str4.toList()                            //["G","r","o","o","v","y","&","G","r","a","i","l","s","&","l","x","t","t","0","0","8"]

字符串处理7

println str4.tokenize()                      //["Groovy&Grails&lxt008"],无空格
println str4.tokenize('&')                   //["Groovy","Grails","lxt008"]

def str5 = 'Groovy Grails lxt008'
println str5.tokenize()                      //["Groovy","Grails","lxt008"]
println str5.tokenize().getClass().getName() //java.util.ArrayList

正则表达式

正则表达式在Groovy中是本地语言级别的支持。

def aRegex = ~’lxt’
println aRegex.class //输出：class java.util.regex.Pattern
def mat = ‘lxt’ = ~’lxt’
println mat.class //class java.util.regex.Matcher

结论：~开头的字符串是模式Pattern对象
//部分匹配
assert ‘lxt008’ = ~’lxt’
assert !(‘lxt008’ = ~’lxt’)
assert ‘lxt008’ = ~regex
assert !(‘lxt008’ == ~’lxt’) //精确匹配

正则表达式的元字符

正则表达式的辅助符号

正则表达式补充

在Java 与 Groovy 中把’\’作为转义符会有冲突，所以一般使用’\’表示转义符

assert ‘1.2’ == ~’\d.\d’ //\d表示一个数字
assert ‘1 a’ == ~’\d\s\w’ //\s为空格 \w为字符

def datePattern = ‘([A-Z]{3})\s([0-9]{1,2}),\s([0-9]{4})’
def date = ‘NOV 28, 2008’
def matcher = date = ~datePattern
matcher.matches()
assert date = ~datePattern //无断言错误
println matcher[0] //[“NOV 28, 2008”,”Nov”,”28”,”2008”]
println matcher[0][0] //NOV 28,2008
println matcher[0][1] //NOV
println matcher[0][2] //28
println matcher[0][3] //2008