线程死锁

典型的问题：哲学家就餐

主方法

package test;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Chopstick chopstick1 = new Chopstick(1);
        Chopstick chopstick2 = new Chopstick(2);
        Chopstick chopstick3 = new Chopstick(3);
        Chopstick chopstick4 = new Chopstick(4);

        Philosopher philosopher1 = new Philosopher("哲学家A",chopstick2,chopstick1);
        Philosopher philosopher2 = new Philosopher("哲学家B",chopstick3,chopstick2);
        Philosopher philosopher3 = new Philosopher("哲学家C",chopstick4,chopstick3);
        Philosopher philosopher4 = new Philosopher("哲学家D",chopstick1,chopstick4);

        philosopher1.start();
        philosopher2.start();
        philosopher3.start();
        philosopher4.start();
    }
}

筷子类

package test;

public class Chopstick {
    int num; // 第几根筷子
    public Chopstick(int num){
        this.num = num;
    }
    public int getNum(){
        return this.num;
    }
}

哲学家类

package test;

public class Philosopher extends Thread{
    private String name; // 哲学家的名字
    Chopstick left; // 左手边筷子
    Chopstick right; // 右手边筷子
    public Philosopher(String name,Chopstick left,Chopstick right){
        this.name = name;
        this.left = left;
        this.right = right;
    }
    public void run(){
        synchronized(left){
            System.out.println(this.name + "拿起了左手边的筷子" + left.getNum() + "筷子");
            synchronized(right){
                System.out.println(this.name + "拿起了右手边的筷子" + right.getNum() + "筷子" + "开始吃饭");
            }
        }
    }
}

运行结果：（这只是可能出现的情况，不是每次运行都这样）

解决办法：要谦让，不要抢，给他们传递一个毫秒值，让他们先睡一会

主方法：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args){

        Chopstick c1 = new Chopstick(1);
        Chopstick c2 = new Chopstick(2);
        Chopstick c3 = new Chopstick(3);
        Chopstick c4 = new Chopstick(4);

		// 给他们传递一个毫秒值，让他们睡眠。对着坐的睡眠时间一样，因为他们左右手的筷子不冲突
        Philosopher p1 = new Philosopher("哲学家A",c2,c1,0);
        Philosopher p2 = new Philosopher("哲学家B",c3,c2,3000); 
        Philosopher p3 = new Philosopher("哲学家C",c4,c3,0);
        Philosopher p4 = new Philosopher("哲学家D",c1,c4,3000);

        p1.start();
        p2.start();
        p3.start();
        p4.start();
    }
}

筷子类不变
哲学家类，加睡眠

public class Philosopher extends Thread{

    private String pName; // 哲学家的名字

    private Chopstick left;
    private Chopstick right;
    private long time;

    public Philosopher(String pName, Chopstick left, Chopstick right, long time){
        this.pName = pName;
        this.left = left;
        this.right = right;
        this.time = time;
    }
    public void run(){
        try{
            Thread.sleep(time);
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        synchronized(left) {
            System.out.println(this.pName + "拿起了左手边的" + this.left.getNum() + "筷子");
            synchronized(right){
                System.out.println(this.pName + "拿起了右手边的" + this.right.getNum() + "筷子");
                System.out.println(this.pName + "开始吃饭");
            }
        }
    }
}