Spring Boot2.0深度实践 - 第4章 Web MVC 核心

Spring Boot2.0深度实践之核心技术篇
– 第4章 Web MVC 核心

理解 Spring Web MVC 架构

1. 基础架构 Servlet

• 特点
  • 请求/响应式 (Request/Response)
  • 屏蔽网络通讯的细节
• API 特性
  • 面向 HTTP 协议
  • 完整生命周期
• 职责
  • 处理请求
  • 资源管理(数据库连接、消息连接、其他)
  • 视图渲染

---

2. 核心架构: 前端控制器(Front Controller)

• 资源:http://www.corej2eepatterns.com/FrontController.htm
• 实现:Spring Web MVC DispatcherServlet
  • https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/1.0.0/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/servlet/DispatcherServlet.html

---

3. Spring Web MVC 架构

https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/4.3.9.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/html/mvc.html#mvc-servlet

认识 Spring Web MVC

1. Spring Framework 时代的一般认识

1. 实现 Controller

@Controller
public class HelloWorldController {
    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String index() {
        // index.jsp
        return "index";
    }
}

2. 配置 Web MVC 组件

webapp/WEB-INF/app-context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.web"/>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"/>
    
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

3. 部署 DispatcherServlet

webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml

<web-app>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>app</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/app-context.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>app</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

---

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>dive-in-spring-boot</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.imooc</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>

        <!-- Servlet 3.1 API 依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring Web MVC 依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 使用可执行 Tomcat Maven 插件-->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>tomcat-run</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>exec-war-only</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <configuration>
                            <!-- ServletContext path -->
                            <path>/</path>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

Spring Framework 时代的重新认识

1. Web MVC 核心组件

• 处理器（Handler）
  • 映射 HandlerMapping
  • 适配 HandlerAdapter
  • 执行 HandlerExecutionChain
• 页面渲染（view）
  • 视图解析 ViewResolver
  • 国际化 LocaleResolver、LocaleContextResolver
  • 个性化 ThemeResolver
• 异常处理
  • 异常解析 HandlerExceptionResolver

---

交互流程

2. Web MVC 注解驱动

• 版本依赖
  • Spring Framework 3.1 +

---

基本配置步骤

• 注解配置 @Configuration
• 组件激活 @EnableWebMvc
• 自定义组件 WebMvcConfiguer

package com.imooc.web.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

//    <!--<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">-->
//        <!--<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>-->
//        <!--<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>-->
//        <!--<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>-->
//    <!--</bean>-->
 
    @Bean
    public ViewResolver viewResolver(){
        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/jsp/");
        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        return viewResolver;
    }

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(new HandlerInterceptor() {
            @Override
            public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
                System.out.println("拦截中...");
                return true;
            }
        });
    }
}

---

常用注解

• 注册模型属性: @ModelAttribute
• 读取请求头: @RequestHeader
• 读取 Cookie: @CookieValue
• 校验参数: @Valid 、 @Validated
• 注解处理: @ExceptionHandler
• 切面通知: @ControllerAdvice

package com.imooc.web.controller;

import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@ControllerAdvice(assignableTypes = HelloWorldController.class)
public class HelloWorldControllerAdvice {

    @ModelAttribute("acceptLanguage")
    public String acceptLanguage(@RequestHeader("Accept-Language") String acceptLanguage){
        return acceptLanguage;
    }

    @ModelAttribute("jsessionId")
    public String jsessionId(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String jsessionId){
        return jsessionId;
    }

    @ModelAttribute("message")
    public String message(){
        return "Hello,World";
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(Throwable.class)
    public ResponseEntity<String> onException(Throwable throwable) {
        return ResponseEntity.ok(throwable.getMessage());
    }

}

index.jsp

<jsp:root xmlns:jsp="http://java.sun.com/JSP/Page" version="2.0">
    <body>
        <message>${message}</message>
        <language>${acceptLanguage}</language>
        <jsessionId>${jsessionId}</jsessionId>
    </body>
</jsp:root>

3. Web MVC 自动装配

• 版本依赖
  • Spring Framework 3.1 +
  • Servlet 3.0 +

4-11 ~ 4.12

简化 Spring Web MVC

4-13

Spring Boot 时代的简化

1. 完全自动装配

4-14

2. 装配条件

4-15

3. 外部化配置

4-16

实践