WebSocket协议是基于TCP的一种新的网络协议。它实现了浏览器与服务器全双工(full-duplex)通信——允许服务器主动发送信息给客户端。
1.创建工程
pom.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-websocket</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springboot-websocket</name>
<description>websocket</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.2</version>
<configuration>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
创建websocket支持
package com.boot.websocket;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.socket.server.standard.ServerEndpointExporter;
/**
* WebSocket支持
*/
@Configuration
public class WebSocketConfig {
@Bean
public ServerEndpointExporter serverEndpointExporter() {
return new ServerEndpointExporter();
}
}
创建WebSocket服务
WebSocket是类似客户端服务端的形式(采用ws协议),那么这里的WebSocketServer其实就相当于一个ws协议的Controller
直接@ServerEndpoint("/websocket")@Component启用即可,然后在里面实现@OnOpen,@onClose,@onMessage等方法
package com.boot.websocket;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;
import javax.websocket.OnClose;
import javax.websocket.OnError;
import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
import javax.websocket.OnOpen;
import javax.websocket.Session;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* @ServerEndpoint 注解是一个类层次的注解,它的功能主要是将目前的类定义成一个websocket服务器端,
* 注解的值将被用于监听用户连接的终端访问URL地址,客户端可以通过这个URL来连接到WebSocket服务器端
*/
@ServerEndpoint("/websocket")
@Service
public class WebSocketServer {
//静态变量,用来记录当前在线连接数。应该把它设计成线程安全的。
private static int onlineCount = 0;
//concurrent包的线程安全Set,用来存放每个客户端对应的MyWebSocket对象。若要实现服务端与单一客户端通信的话,可以使用Map来存放,其中Key可以为用户标识
private static CopyOnWriteArraySet<WebSocketServer> webSocketSet = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<WebSocketServer>();
//与某个客户端的连接会话,需要通过它来给客户端发送数据
private Session session;
/**
* 连接建立成功调用的方法
* @param session 可选的参数。session为与某个客户端的连接会话,需要通过它来给客户端发送数据
*/
@OnOpen
public void onOpen(Session session){
this.session = session;
webSocketSet.add(this); //加入set中
addOnlineCount(); //在线数加1
System.out.println("有新连接加入!当前在线人数为" + getOnlineCount());
}
/**
* 连接关闭调用的方法
*/
@OnClose
public void onClose(){
webSocketSet.remove(this); //从set中删除
subOnlineCount(); //在线数减1
System.out.println("有一连接关闭!当前在线人数为" + getOnlineCount());
}
/**
* 收到客户端消息后调用的方法
* @param message 客户端发送过来的消息
* @param session 可选的参数
*/
@OnMessage
public void onMessage(String message, Session session) {
System.out.println("来自客户端的消息:" + message);
//群发消息
for(WebSocketServer item: webSocketSet){
try {
item.sendMessage(message);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
continue;
}
}
}
public static void sendInfo(String message) throws IOException {
for (WebSocketServer item : webSocketSet) {
try {
item.sendMessage(message);
} catch (IOException e) {
continue;
}
}
}
/**
* 发生错误时调用
* @param session
* @param error
*/
@OnError
public void onError(Session session, Throwable error){
System.out.println("发生错误");
error.printStackTrace();
}
/**
* 这个方法与上面几个方法不一样。没有用注解,是根据自己需要添加的方法。
* @param message
* @throws IOException
*/
public void sendMessage(String message) throws IOException{
this.session.getBasicRemote().sendText(message);
// this.session.getAsyncRemote().sendText(message);
}
public static synchronized int getOnlineCount() {
return onlineCount;
}
public static synchronized void addOnlineCount() {
WebSocketServer.onlineCount++;
}
public static synchronized void subOnlineCount() {
WebSocketServer.onlineCount--;
}
}
创建测试Controller及启动类
package com.boot;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.boot.websocket.WebSocketServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@Controller
public class SpringbootWebsocketApplication {
@RequestMapping("/index")
public String index(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
return "index";
}
@GetMapping("/msg")
@ResponseBody
public String msg(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
String msg=request.getParameter("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
try {
WebSocketServer.sendInfo(msg);//服务器反推调用方法
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "已经连接";
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringbootWebsocketApplication.class, args);
}
}
创建WebSocket测试页面
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{jquery-3.4.1.js}"></script>
<title>测试页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="main">
<table id="payTbl">
<thead>
<tr id="tr1">
<th>测试服务器反推</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div id="message" style="color: #CCCCCC"></div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var lockReconnect = false; //避免ws重复连接
var ws = null; // 判断当前浏览器是否支持WebSocket
var wsUrl = "ws://localhost:8080/websocket";
createWebSocket(wsUrl); //连接ws
function createWebSocket(url) {
try{
if('WebSocket' in window){
ws = new WebSocket(url);
}else if('MozWebSocket' in window){
ws = new MozWebSocket(url);
}else{
layui.use(['layer'],function(){
var layer = layui.layer;
layer.alert("您的浏览器不支持websocket协议,建议使用新版谷歌、火狐等浏览器,请勿使用IE10以下浏览器,360浏览器请使用极速模式,不要使用兼容模式!");
});
}
initEventHandle();
}catch(e){
reconnect(url);
console.log(e);//打印异常
}
}
function initEventHandle() {
ws.onclose = function () {
reconnect(wsUrl);
console.log("llws连接关闭!"+new Date().toUTCString());
};
ws.onerror = function () {
reconnect(wsUrl);
console.log("llws连接错误!");
};
ws.onopen = function () {
heartCheck.reset().start(); //心跳检测重置
console.log("llws连接成功!"+new Date().toUTCString());
};
ws.onmessage = function (event) { //如果获取到消息,心跳检测重置
heartCheck.reset().start(); //拿到任何消息都说明当前连接是正常的
console.log("llws收到消息啦:" +event.data);
if(event.data!='pong'){
/* var obj=eval("("+event.data+")");
var trSize=$("table tr").length;
if (trSize>=18) {
$("table tr:last").remove();
} */
var tables = $('table');
$("table tbody").prepend("<tr style='color: #0cd86c;''><td>"+event.data+"</td></tr>");
}
}
}
// 监听窗口关闭事件,当窗口关闭时,主动去关闭websocket连接,防止连接还没断开就关闭窗口,server端会抛异常。
window.onbeforeunload = function() {
ws.close();
}
function reconnect(url) {
if(lockReconnect) return;
lockReconnect = true;
setTimeout(function () { //没连接上会一直重连,设置延迟避免请求过多
createWebSocket(url);
lockReconnect = false;
}, 2000);
}
//心跳检测
var heartCheck = {
timeout: 540000, //9分钟发一次心跳
timeoutObj: null,
serverTimeoutObj: null,
reset: function(){
clearTimeout(this.timeoutObj);
clearTimeout(this.serverTimeoutObj);
return this;
},
start: function(){
var self = this;
this.timeoutObj = setTimeout(function(){
//这里发送一个心跳,后端收到后,返回一个心跳消息,
//onmessage拿到返回的心跳就说明连接正常
ws.send("ping");
console.log("ping!")
self.serverTimeoutObj = setTimeout(function(){//如果超过一定时间还没重置,说明后端主动断开了
ws.close(); //如果onclose会执行reconnect,我们执行ws.close()就行了.如果直接执行reconnect 会触发onclose导致重连两次
}, self.timeout)
}, this.timeout)
}
}
//将消息显示在网页上
function setMessageInnerHTML(innerHTML) {
document.getElementById('message').innerHTML += innerHTML + '<br/>';
}
</script>
</html>
ps:以前工作项目中用上过WebSocket 这个是需要保持长连接的,但是这个一旦过一定时间或者网络波动等因素影响会产生断开连接,所以预防这个问题最好加上心跳机制。
运行测试结果页面
eclipse控制台显示
eclipse控制台显示
通过控制器方法进行服务器反推消息
控制台显示
chrome浏览器显示
火狐浏览器显示