对下列关系模式分别用关系代数、和SQL实现下列查询
理解下面几句话:
1. SQL语言是具有很坚实数学基础的语言
2. SQL语言是介于关系代数和关系演算之间的结构化查询语言
3. 一个查询只要能用关系代数或关系演算实现,必能用SQL实现
4. 一个查询即能用关系代数、关系演算、SQL实现
5. 在SQL语言中,能用非EXISTS谓词实现的查询,均能用EXISTS谓词实现,反之不一定。
1. 查询学生95001的所有信息。
① 关系代数:
②SQL语言:
SELECT * FROM Student
WHERE Sno='95001'
2. 查询学生95001的姓名和所在系。
① 关系代数:
②SQL语言:
方法一:
SELECT Sname,Sdept FROM Student
WHERE Sno='95001'
方法二:
SELECT Sname,Sdept FROM Student
WHERE EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM Student SX
WHERE Student.Sno=SX.Sno AND SX.Sno='95001'
)
方法三:
SELECT Sname,Sdept FROM Student
WHERE Sno IN (
SELECT Sno FROM Student
WHERE Sno='95001'
)
3. 查询选修了1号课的学生的学号。
① 关系代数:
②SQL语言:
方法一:
SELECT Sno FROM SC
WHERE Cno='1'
方法二:
SELECT Sno FROM SC
WHERE EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM SC SCX
WHERE SC.Sno=SCX.Sno AND SCX.Cno='1'
)
方法三:
SELECT Sno FROM SC
WHERE Sno IN (
SELECT Sno FROM SC
WHERE Cno='1'
)
4. 查询选修了1号课的学生的姓名。
① 关系代数:
②SQL语言:
方法一:
SELECT Sname FROM Student,SC
WHERE SC.Sno=Student.Sno AND Cno='1'
方法二:
SELECT Sname FROM Student
WHERE EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM SC
WHERE SC.Sno=Student.Sno AND Cno='1'
)
方法三:
SELECT Sname FROM Student
WHERE Sno IN (
SELECT Sno FROM SC WHERE Cno='1'
)
5. 查询至少选修了1号课和3号课的学生的学号。
① 关系代数:
或
或:
首先建立一个临时关系K:
cno |
1 |
3 |
然后求:πSno.Cno(SC)÷K
②SQL语言:
方法一:
SELECT SCX.Sno FROM SC, SC SCX
WHERE SC.Cno='1' AND SCX.Sno=SC.Sno AND SCX.Cno='3'
方法:
SELECT Sno FROM SC
WHERE EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM SC SCX
WHERE SC.Cno='1' AND SCX.Sno=SC.Sno AND SCX.Cno='3'
)
方法二:
SELECT Sno FROM SC
WHERE Cno='1' AND Sno IN (
SELECT Sno FROM SC WHERE Cno='3'
)
6. 查询至少选修了一门其直接先行课为5号课的学生学号。
① 关系代数:
②SQL语言:
方法一:
SELECT Sno FROM SC,Course
WHERE SC.Cno=Course.Cno AND Course.Cpno='5'
方法二:
SELECT Sno FROM SC
WHERE EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM Course
WHERE SC.Cno=Course.Cno AND Course.Cpno='5'
)
方法三:
SELECT Sno FROM SC
WHERE Cno IN (
SELECT Cno FROM Course
WHERE Cpno='5'
)
7. 查询至少选修了一门其直接先行课为5号课的学生姓名。
① 关系代数:
②SQL语言:
方法一:
SELECT Sname FROM Student,SC,Course
WHERE Student.Sno=SC.Sno AND SC.Cno=Course.Cno
AND Course.Cpno='5'
方法二:
SELECT Sname FROM Student
WHERE EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM SC
WHERE Student.Sno=SC.Sno AND EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM Course
WHERE SC.Cno=Course.Cno AND Course.Cpno='5'
)
)
方法三:
SELECT Sname FROM Student
WHERE Sno IN (
SELECT Sno FROM SC
WHERE Cno IN (
SELECT Cno FROM Course
WHERE Cpno='5'
)
)
8. 查询没有选修1号课程的学生姓名。
① 关系代数:
②SQL语言:
SELECT Sname FROM Student
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM SC
WHERE Student.Sno=SC.Sno AND SC.Cno='1'
)
9. 查询选修了全部课程的学生的学号和姓名。
① 关系代数:
②SQL语言:
SELECT Sno,Sname FROM Student
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM Course
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM SC
WHERE Student.Sno=SC.Sno AND SC.Cno=Course.Cno
)
)
10.查询最少选修了95002学生所选课程的学生学号。
① 关系代数:
②SQL语言:
方法一:
SELECT Sno FROM SC
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM Course
WHERE EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM SC SCX
WHERE SCX.Sno='95002' AND SCX.Cno=Course.Cno AND NOT EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM SC SCY
WHERE SCY.Sno=SC.Sno AND SCY.Cno=Course.Cno
)
)
)
方法二:
SELECT Sno FROM SC
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM SC SCX
WHERE SCX.Sno='95002' AND NOT EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM SC SCY
WHERE SCY.Sno=SC.Sno AND SCY.Cno=SCX.Cno
)
)
方法三:
SELECT Sno FROM Student
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM SC SCX
WHERE SCX.Sno='95002' AND NOT EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM SC SCY
WHERE SCY.Sno=Student.Sno AND SCY.Cno=SCX.Cno
)
)