Spring中使用hibernate

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-27 13:21:33 发布

XiuXiuBlaza

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-27 13:21:33 发布

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分类专栏： Spring框架学习文章标签： java hibernate 注解

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u013884727/article/details/40865295

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1 bean容器

knight.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" 
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd	
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.llq.dao"/>
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
    
    <bean id="dataSource" destroy-method="close" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" p:dataSource-ref="dataSource">
<!--         <property name="mappingLocations">
            <list>
                <value>Student.hbm.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property> -->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.llq.entity"/>
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">
                    org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
                </prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">
                    true
                </prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate" p:sessionFactory-ref="sessionFactory"/>
    
    <!-- <aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/> -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" p:sessionFactory-ref="sessionFactory"/>
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
    
    <bean id="studentDao" class="com.llq.dao.impl.StudentDaoImpl"></bean>

</beans>

jdbc.properties

jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://10.10.82.227:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

2 Java 代码

2.1实体类

package com.llq.entity;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="Student")
public class Student {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private int age;
	public Student() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	public Student(String name,int age) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		this.name=name;
		this.age=age;
	}
	@Id
	@Column(name="id")
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	@Column(name="name")
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	@Column(name="age")
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return "name:"+name+" , age:"+age;
	}
}

2.2 dao接口

package com.llq.dao.interf;

import java.util.List;

import com.llq.entity.Student;

public interface IStudentDao {
	public void addStudent(Student student);
	public void deleteStudent(Student student);
	public Student getStudentById(int id);
	public List<Student> getStudents();
}

2.3 dao实现

package com.llq.dao.impl;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import com.llq.dao.interf.IStudentDao;
import com.llq.entity.Student;

@Transactional
public class StudentDaoImpl implements IStudentDao {
	
	@Autowired
	private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;

	@Override
	public void addStudent(Student student) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		hibernateTemplate.save(student);

	}

	@Override
	public void deleteStudent(Student student) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		hibernateTemplate.delete(student);

	}
	
	@Transactional(readOnly=true)
	@Override
	public Student getStudentById(int id) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return hibernateTemplate.get(Student.class, id);
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	@Transactional(readOnly=true)
	@Override
	public List<Student> getStudents() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String sql="from Student";
		return hibernateTemplate.find(sql);
	}
}

2.4 测试

package study.jdbc;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.llq.dao.interf.IStudentDao;
import com.llq.entity.Student;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("knight.xml");
		IStudentDao dao=(IStudentDao)context.getBean("studentDao");
		Student student=new Student("shit",23);
		dao.addStudent(student);
		System.out.println(dao.getStudentById(1));
		System.out.println(dao.getStudents().size());
	}
}

3 需要注意的方面

3.1 测试代码中

IStudentDao dao=(IStudentDao)context.getBean("studentDao");

而不能写成：

StudentDaoImpl dao=(StudentDaoImpl)context.getBean("studentDao");

否则会提示错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: com.sun.proxy.$Proxy11 cannot be cast to com.llq.dao.impl.StudentDaoImpl

原因分析：

直接原因是使用了事务，而事务是AOP的一个应用，而AOP是通过动态代理来实现的，动态代理又主要包括两种技术：JDK动态代理和CGLIB动态代理。这两种代理的适用情况和实现技术不同。上面那种错误是因为默认使用了JDK动态代理。因此解决方法主要就有两种：一种是，换成另一种CGLIB代理；另一种方法是，转型的时候强制转换成接口类型。

强制使用CGLIB代理：

<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">

详细分析请参考：

http://www.cnblogs.com/liuling/p/2014-8-23-001.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/slowly-keeping/p/3447589.html

3.2 实体类中

必须要有默认的无参构造函数，否则会报错：

nested exception is org.hibernate.InstantiationException: No default constructor for entity: com.llq.entity.Student

原因分析：

简单来说就是因为hibernate使用反射来构造对象实例，会调用Class.forName("**").newInstance()，使用无参构造函数。因此我们也可以知道，当进行插入或者删除和更新时，没有无参构造器也没关系，但是，当查询一个对象时，必须要有无参构造器。

更多分析可以参考：

http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/330222169

3.3 不使用实体类基于注解的方式，使用配置文件的方式

需要修改两个地方：

一个是sessionFactory的bean：

    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" p:dataSource-ref="dataSource">
        <property name="mappingLocations">
            <list>
                <value>Student.hbm.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">
                    org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
                </prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">
                    true
                </prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

另一个是添加Student.hbm.xml映射文件：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="com.llq.entity">
 <class name="Student" table="Student">
  <!-- 如果是Model类和表名一样，则table属性可以省略 -->
  <id name="id" column="id"></id>
  <!-- 指定数据库主键， name指定Model类中的属性，column属性指定表中的列。如果是Model类属性和列名一样，则column属性可以省略 -->
  <property name="name" column="name"></property><!-- 指定其他属性 -->
  <property name="age" column="age"></property>
 </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

3.4 几个重要的JAR包

	<properties>
		<spring.version>3.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
		<hibernate.version>3.6.9.Final</hibernate.version>
	</properties>		
        <dependency>
             <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
             <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
             <version>1.2.2</version>
         </dependency>
         
         <dependency>
             <groupId>javassist</groupId>
             <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
             <version>3.9.0.GA</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>mysql</groupId>
             <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
             <version>5.0.5</version>
         </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cglib</groupId>
            <artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId>
            <version>2.1_3</version>
        </dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
        <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
   </dependency>

   <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
        <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        <classifier>sources</classifier>
   </dependency>

   <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
        <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
   </dependency>