LeetCode：Maximum Depth of Binary Tree

转载自 http://www.cnblogs.com/bakari/p/4126693.html

要求：求二叉树的深度（二叉树的深度为最远叶子节点到根节点的距离，即根节点到最远叶子节点的距离）

Given a binary tree, find its maximum depth.

The maximum depth is the number of nodes along the longest path from the root node down to the farthest leaf node.

有两种求解的思路，一种采用DFS的思想，一种采用BFS的思想，如下代码所示：

struct TreeNode {
    int            val;
    TreeNode*    left;
    TreeNode*    right;
    TreeNode(int x): val(x), left(NULL),right(NULL) {}
};

//采用DFS的思想
int maxDepth(TreeNode *root)
{
    if (NULL == root)
        return 0;
    int l = maxDepth(root->left);
    int r = maxDepth(root->right);

    return l > r ? l + 1:r+1;
    //以上这两种方式有一种更简便的方法
    //return 1 + max(maxDepth(root->left), maxDepth(root->right));
}

//采用BFS的方法，引入队列
int maxDepth(TreeNode *root)
{
    if (NULL == root)
        return 0;
    queue <TreeNode *> que;
    int nCount = 1;
    int nDepth = 0;// 记录队列里面每一层上的元素

    que.push(root);
    while(!que.empty()) {
        TreeNode *pTemp = que.front();
        que.pop();
        nCount --;

        if (pTemp->left)
            que.push(pTemp->left);
        if (pTemp->right)
            que.push(pTemp->right);
        
        if (nCount == 0) {
            nDepth ++;
            nCount = que.size();
        }
    }
    return nDepth;
}