Android8.0 Audio系统之硬件抽象层

经过以上三篇对AudioTrack，AudioFlinger, AudioPolicy的分析，发现音频数据经过AudioTrack，通过AudioPolicy路由，由AudioFlinger的各路线程混合输出到合适的Audio设备去。我们再分析AudioFlinger构造函数的时候涉及到音频硬件抽象层但是没有深入研究，现在，我们回过头来继续看看。

1. Audio系统设备抽象

AudioFlinger::AudioFlinger()
    : BnAudioFlinger(),
     ......
{
    ......
    mDevicesFactoryHal = DevicesFactoryHalInterface::create(); //硬件抽象
    mEffectsFactoryHal = EffectsFactoryHalInterface::create();
}

DevicesFactoryHalHybrid类将持有DevicesFactoryHalInterface的两个实现

class DevicesFactoryHalHybrid : public DevicesFactoryHalInterface
{
  public:
    // Opens a device with the specified name. To close the device, it is
    // necessary to release references to the returned object.
    virtual status_t openDevice(const char *name, sp<DeviceHalInterface> *device);

  private:
    friend class DevicesFactoryHalInterface;

    // Can not be constructed directly by clients.
    DevicesFactoryHalHybrid();

    virtual ~DevicesFactoryHalHybrid();

    sp<DevicesFactoryHalInterface> mLocalFactory;
    sp<DevicesFactoryHalInterface> mHidlFactory;
};

具体实现如下，通过系统的宏编译控制创建新老版本的硬件抽象层

sp<DevicesFactoryHalInterface> DevicesFactoryHalInterface::create() {
    return new DevicesFactoryHalHybrid();
}

DevicesFactoryHalHybrid::DevicesFactoryHalHybrid()
        : mLocalFactory(new DevicesFactoryHalLocal()),
          mHidlFactory(
#ifdef USE_LEGACY_LOCAL_AUDIO_HAL
                  nullptr
#else
                  new DevicesFactoryHalHidl()
#endif
                       ) {
}

DevicesFactoryHalHybrid::~DevicesFactoryHalHybrid() {
}
//AudioFlinger中调用
status_t DevicesFactoryHalHybrid::openDevice(const char *name, sp<DeviceHalInterface> *device) {
    if (mHidlFactory != 0 && strcmp(AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID_A2DP, name) != 0) {
        return mHidlFactory->openDevice(name, device); //Trable架构
    }
    return mLocalFactory->openDevice(name, device); //hardware架构
}

在AudioPolicyService构造函数中，根据Audio配置文件载入Audio设备模块，具体函数在AudioFlinger中

audio_module_handle_t AudioFlinger::loadHwModule_l(const char *name)
{
  
    int rc = mDevicesFactoryHal->openDevice(name, &dev); //打开具体的Device
   
    mAudioHwDevs.add(handle, new AudioHwDevice(handle, name, dev, flags)); //抽象为AudioHwDevice

    return handle;

}

如果调用 mLocalFactory->openDevice(name, device); //hardware架构，将以8.0以前的模式加载音频模块

static status_t load_audio_interface(const char *if_name, audio_hw_device_t **dev)
{
    const hw_module_t *mod;
    int rc;

    rc = hw_get_module_by_class(AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, if_name, &mod);
    if (rc) {
        ALOGE("%s couldn't load audio hw module %s.%s (%s)", __func__,
                AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, if_name, strerror(-rc));
        goto out;
    }
    rc = audio_hw_device_open(mod, dev);
    if (rc) {
        ALOGE("%s couldn't open audio hw device in %s.%s (%s)", __func__,
                AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, if_name, strerror(-rc));
        goto out;
    }
    if ((*dev)->common.version < AUDIO_DEVICE_API_VERSION_MIN) {
        ALOGE("%s wrong audio hw device version %04x", __func__, (*dev)->common.version);
        rc = BAD_VALUE;
        audio_hw_device_close(*dev);
        goto out;
    }
    return OK;

out:
    *dev = NULL;
    return rc;
}

status_t DevicesFactoryHalLocal::openDevice(const char *name, sp<DeviceHalInterface> *device) {
    audio_hw_device_t *dev;
    status_t rc = load_audio_interface(name, &dev);
    if (rc == OK) {
        *device = new DeviceHalLocal(dev); //封装为DeviceHalLocal
    }
    return rc;
}

如果调用 mHidlFactory->openDevice(name, device); //Trable架构

DevicesFactoryHalHidl::DevicesFactoryHalHidl() {
    mDevicesFactory = IDevicesFactory::getService(); //将调用Treble架构下的HW
    if (mDevicesFactory != 0) {
        // It is assumed that DevicesFactory is owned by AudioFlinger
        // and thus have the same lifespan.
        mDevicesFactory->linkToDeath(HalDeathHandler::getInstance(), 0 /*cookie*/);
    } else {
        ALOGE("Failed to obtain IDevicesFactory service, terminating process.");
        exit(1);
    }
}

DevicesFactoryHalHidl::~DevicesFactoryHalHidl() {
}

// static
status_t DevicesFactoryHalHidl::nameFromHal(const char *name, IDevicesFactory::Device *device) {
    if (strcmp(name, AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID_PRIMARY) == 0) {
        *device = IDevicesFactory::Device::PRIMARY;
        return OK;
    } else if(strcmp(name, AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID_A2DP) == 0) {
        *device = IDevicesFactory::Device::A2DP;
        return OK;
    } else if(strcmp(name, AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID_USB) == 0) {
        *device = IDevicesFactory::Device::USB;
        return OK;
    } else if(strcmp(name, AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID_REMOTE_SUBMIX) == 0) {
        *device = IDevicesFactory::Device::R_SUBMIX;
        return OK;
    } else if(strcmp(name, AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID_STUB) == 0) {
        *device = IDevicesFactory::Device::STUB;
        return OK;
    }
    ALOGE("Invalid device name %s", name);
    return BAD_VALUE;
}

status_t DevicesFactoryHalHidl::openDevice(const char *name, sp<DeviceHalInterface> *device) {
    if (mDevicesFactory == 0) return NO_INIT;
    IDevicesFactory::Device hidlDevice;
    status_t status = nameFromHal(name, &hidlDevice);
    if (status != OK) return status;
    Result retval = Result::NOT_INITIALIZED;
    Return<void> ret = mDevicesFactory->openDevice( //调用加载具体的Device
            hidlDevice,
            [&](Result r, const sp<IDevice>& result) {
                retval = r;
                if (retval == Result::OK) {
                    *device = new DeviceHalHidl(result); //封装为DeviceHalHidl
                }
            });
    if (ret.isOk()) {
        if (retval == Result::OK) return OK;
        else if (retval == Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS) return BAD_VALUE;
        else return NO_INIT;
    }
    return FAILED_TRANSACTION;
}

hardware\interfaces\audio\2.0\default\DevicesFactory.h

struct DevicesFactory : public IDevicesFactory {
    // Methods from ::android::hardware::audio::V2_0::IDevicesFactory follow.
    Return<void> openDevice(IDevicesFactory::Device device, openDevice_cb _hidl_cb)  override;

  private:
    static const char* deviceToString(IDevicesFactory::Device device);
    static int loadAudioInterface(const char *if_name, audio_hw_device_t **dev);

};

extern "C" IDevicesFactory* HIDL_FETCH_IDevicesFactory(const char* name);

hardware\interfaces\audio\2.0\default\DevicesFactory.cpp

// Methods from ::android::hardware::audio::V2_0::IDevicesFactory follow.
Return<void> DevicesFactory::openDevice(IDevicesFactory::Device device, openDevice_cb _hidl_cb)  {
    audio_hw_device_t *halDevice;
    Result retval(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS);
    sp<IDevice> result;
    const char* moduleName = deviceToString(device);
    if (moduleName != nullptr) {
        int halStatus = loadAudioInterface(moduleName, &halDevice); //加载音频模块设备
        if (halStatus == OK) {
            if (device == IDevicesFactory::Device::PRIMARY) {
                result = new PrimaryDevice(halDevice);
            } else {
                result = new ::android::hardware::audio::V2_0::implementation::
                    Device(halDevice);
            }
            retval = Result::OK;
        } else if (halStatus == -EINVAL) {
            retval = Result::NOT_INITIALIZED;
        }
    }
    _hidl_cb(retval, result);
    return Void();
}
IDevicesFactory* HIDL_FETCH_IDevicesFactory(const char* /* name */) {
    return new DevicesFactory();
}

加载具体的音频模块设备

// static
int DevicesFactory::loadAudioInterface(const char *if_name, audio_hw_device_t **dev)
{
    const hw_module_t *mod;
    int rc;

    rc = hw_get_module_by_class(AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, if_name, &mod);
    if (rc) {
        ALOGE("%s couldn't load audio hw module %s.%s (%s)", __func__,
                AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, if_name, strerror(-rc));
        goto out;
    }
    rc = audio_hw_device_open(mod, dev);
    if (rc) {
        ALOGE("%s couldn't open audio hw device in %s.%s (%s)", __func__,
                AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, if_name, strerror(-rc));
        goto out;
    }
    if ((*dev)->common.version < AUDIO_DEVICE_API_VERSION_MIN) {
        ALOGE("%s wrong audio hw device version %04x", __func__, (*dev)->common.version);
        rc = -EINVAL;
        audio_hw_device_close(*dev);
        goto out;
    }
    return OK;

out:
    *dev = NULL;
    return rc;
}

在service.cpp文件中我们看到Treble架构下的几项注册到hwservicemanager的服务包括 IDevicesFactory，IEffectsFactory， ISoundTriggerHw， IBroadcastRadioFactory几项

hardware\interfaces\audio\2.0\default\service.cpp

int main(int /* argc */, char* /* argv */ []) {
    configureRpcThreadpool(16, true /*callerWillJoin*/);
    android::status_t status;
    status = registerPassthroughServiceImplementation<IDevicesFactory>();
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(status != OK, "Error while registering audio service: %d", status);
    status = registerPassthroughServiceImplementation<IEffectsFactory>();
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(status != OK, "Error while registering audio effects service: %d", status);
    // Soundtrigger and FM radio might be not present.
    status = registerPassthroughServiceImplementation<ISoundTriggerHw>();
    ALOGE_IF(status != OK, "Error while registering soundtrigger service: %d", status);
    if (useBroadcastRadioFutureFeatures) {
        status = registerPassthroughServiceImplementation<
            broadcastradio::V1_1::IBroadcastRadioFactory>();
    } else {
        status = registerPassthroughServiceImplementation<
            broadcastradio::V1_0::IBroadcastRadioFactory>();
    }
    ALOGE_IF(status != OK, "Error while registering fm radio service: %d", status);
    joinRpcThreadpool();
    return status;
}

2. Audio系统硬件抽象层

再看 DeviceHalLocal，实现自DeviceHalInterface

DeviceHalLocal::DeviceHalLocal(audio_hw_device_t *dev)
        : mDev(dev) {
}
......

status_t DeviceHalLocal::openOutputStream(
        audio_io_handle_t handle,
        audio_devices_t devices,
        audio_output_flags_t flags,
        struct audio_config *config,
        const char *address,
        sp<StreamOutHalInterface> *outStream) {
    audio_stream_out_t *halStream;
    ALOGV("open_output_stream handle: %d devices: %x flags: %#x"
            "srate: %d format %#x channels %x address %s",
            handle, devices, flags,
            config->sample_rate, config->format, config->channel_mask,
            address);
    int openResut = mDev->open_output_stream(
            mDev, handle, devices, flags, config, &halStream, address);
    if (openResut == OK) {
        *outStream = new StreamOutHalLocal(halStream, this);
    }
    ALOGV("open_output_stream status %d stream %p", openResut, halStream);
    return openResut;
}
......

调用硬件抽象层的音频流输出函数

static int adev_open_output_stream(struct audio_hw_device *dev,
                                   audio_io_handle_t handle,
                                   audio_devices_t devices,
                                   audio_output_flags_t flags,
                                   struct audio_config *config,
                                   struct audio_stream_out **stream_out,
                                   const char *address __unused)
{
    ALOGV("adev_open_output_stream...");

    *stream_out = NULL;
    struct stub_stream_out *out =
            (struct stub_stream_out *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct stub_stream_out));
    if (!out)
        return -ENOMEM;

    out->stream.common.get_sample_rate = out_get_sample_rate;
    out->stream.common.set_sample_rate = out_set_sample_rate;
    out->stream.common.get_buffer_size = out_get_buffer_size;
    out->stream.common.get_channels = out_get_channels;
    out->stream.common.get_format = out_get_format;
    out->stream.common.set_format = out_set_format;
    out->stream.common.standby = out_standby;
    out->stream.common.dump = out_dump;
    out->stream.common.set_parameters = out_set_parameters;
    out->stream.common.get_parameters = out_get_parameters;
    out->stream.common.add_audio_effect = out_add_audio_effect;
    out->stream.common.remove_audio_effect = out_remove_audio_effect;
    out->stream.get_latency = out_get_latency;
    out->stream.set_volume = out_set_volume;
    out->stream.write = out_write;
    out->stream.get_render_position = out_get_render_position;
    out->stream.get_next_write_timestamp = out_get_next_write_timestamp;

    *stream_out = &out->stream;
    return 0;
}

DeviceHalHidl 实现自 DeviceHalInterface

status_t DeviceHalHidl::openOutputStream(
        audio_io_handle_t handle,
        audio_devices_t devices,
        audio_output_flags_t flags,
        struct audio_config *config,
        const char *address,
        sp<StreamOutHalInterface> *outStream) {
    if (mDevice == 0) return NO_INIT;
    DeviceAddress hidlDevice;
    status_t status = deviceAddressFromHal(devices, address, &hidlDevice);
    if (status != OK) return status;
    AudioConfig hidlConfig;
    HidlUtils::audioConfigFromHal(*config, &hidlConfig);
    Result retval = Result::NOT_INITIALIZED;
    Return<void> ret = mDevice->openOutputStream( //输出Audio流， 调用硬件抽象层的音频流输出函数
            handle,
            hidlDevice,
            hidlConfig,
            AudioOutputFlag(flags),
            [&](Result r, const sp<IStreamOut>& result, const AudioConfig& suggestedConfig) {
                retval = r;
                if (retval == Result::OK) {
                    *outStream = new StreamOutHalHidl(result);
                }
                HidlUtils::audioConfigToHal(suggestedConfig, config);
            });
    return processReturn("openOutputStream", ret, retval);
}

至此整个Audio系统的分析到此结束，其实Audio系统还有很大一部分，在整个Android系统中错综复杂，实在难以详述，只能摘其精要，略其枝蔓。下一个专题我们要来啃一啃Media系统，作为Android重要且复杂的系统来分析，可能会有漫长的篇幅。