并发容器

并发容器

Java集合类都是快速失败的，这就意味着当集合被改变且一个线程在使用迭代器遍历集合的时候，迭代器的next()方法将抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常。如下代码：

import java.util.*;

public class IteratorExample {

    public static void main(String args[]){
        List<String> myList = new ArrayList<String>();

        myList.add("1");
        myList.add("2");
        myList.add("3");
        myList.add("4");
        myList.add("5");

        Iterator<String> it = myList.iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            String value = it.next();
            System.out.println("List Value:"+value);
            if(value.equals("3")) myList.remove(value);
        }

        Map<String,String> myMap = new HashMap<String,String>();
        myMap.put("1", "1");
        myMap.put("2", "2");
        myMap.put("3", "3");

        Iterator<String> it1 = myMap.keySet().iterator();
        while(it1.hasNext()){
            String key = it1.next();
            System.out.println("Map Value:"+myMap.get(key));
            if(key.equals("2")){
                myMap.put("1","4");
                //myMap.put("4", "4");
            }
        }

    }
}

当运行以上代码的时候就会抛出以下异常：

 Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
List Value:2
    at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.checkForComodification(ArrayList.java:901)
List Value:3
    at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.next(ArrayList.java:851)
    at com.test.thread.NullHaspMap.main(NullHaspMap.java:20)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:147)

并发容器支持并发的遍历和并发的更新。j当你用iterator遍历的同时能够更新容器里面的元素
主要的类有ConcurrentHashMap, CopyOnWriteArrayList 和CopyOnWriteArraySet，
将上面的代码改成以下代码就不会抛出异常了：

package com.journaldev.java;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

public class ThreadSafeIteratorExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        List<String> myList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();

        myList.add("1");
        myList.add("2");
        myList.add("3");
        myList.add("4");
        myList.add("5");

        Iterator<String> it = myList.iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            String value = it.next();
            System.out.println("List Value:"+value);
            if(value.equals("3")){
                myList.remove("4");
                myList.add("6");
                myList.add("7");
            }
        }
        System.out.println("List Size:"+myList.size());

        Map<String,String> myMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String,String>();
        myMap.put("1", "1");
        myMap.put("2", "2");
        myMap.put("3", "3");

        Iterator<String> it1 = myMap.keySet().iterator();
        while(it1.hasNext()){
            String key = it1.next();
            System.out.println("Map Value:"+myMap.get(key));
            if(key.equals("1")){
                myMap.remove("3");
                myMap.put("4", "4");
                myMap.put("5", "5");
            }
        }

        System.out.println("Map Size:"+myMap.size());
    }

}