android fragment getActivity() null

在使用fragment时候遇到了一个问题，如果这个应用是被系统回收的，再回到这个应用时，fragment调用getActivity返回null，该fragement无法显示

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity
        implements ActionBar.OnNavigationListener{

    private  PlaceholderFragment subjectList;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        subjectList = (PlaceholderFragment)PlaceholderFragment.instantiate(this,PlaceholderFragment.class.getName());
        if (savedInstanceState == null) {
            getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                    .add(R.id.container, subjectList)
                    .commit();
        }
    }
}

public class PlaceholderFragment extends ListFragment
        implements LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor>{

    public PlaceholderFragment() {
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main, container, false);

        return rootView;
    }


    @Override
    public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)
    {
        if (getActivity() == null) {
            Log.v("PlaceholderFragment onActivityResult","Not Attached");
            return;
        }
    }
}

错误代码如上，手动运行正常，退出再启动也是正常的。在系统回收资源再进入后出现问题Fragment 中getActivity() 为null。

刚开始以为是Activity和Fragment的lifecycle配合问题，可能某处的lifecycle处理不对，尝试在各个onXXX中增加处理，都不能解决问题。

后来想到有可能能是系统回收的时候仅回收了Activity，或者仅仅是将Activity和Fragment保存在某处，并未正真的释放。通过FragmentManager尝试找回先前的Fragment，问题解决。

在MainActivity中增加如下代码问题解决：

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
......
        if (savedInstanceState == null)
            subjectList = (PlaceholderFragment)PlaceholderFragment.instantiate(this,PlaceholderFragment.class.getName());
        else
            subjectList = (PlaceholderFragment)getSupportFragmentManager().getFragment(savedInstanceState,PlaceholderFragment.class.getName());
......
    }

    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        getSupportFragmentManager().putFragment(outState,PlaceholderFragment.class.getName(),subjectList);
    }