Synchronized的用法

一、可重入性
synchronized是具有可重入性的，在秋招阶段有两个公司问到这个问题，一个公司是直接问synchronized是否是可重入的，我当时的回答是“根据底层monitorenter和monitorexit原理，应该是可重入的”。另一家公司（可能是小米，难怪几个星期都没有收到二面通知）是给我出了一个题目：A（）用synchronized修饰，B()用synchronized修饰，那么A调用B可以运行么，我当时答的不可以，没有想到重入性这点。还是不熟悉呀。

package com.louis.线程;
/**
 *
 * synchronized的重入
 * */
public class ReenSync {
    public synchronized void method1(){
        System.out.println("method1..");
        method2();
    }
    public synchronized void method2(){
        System.out.println("method2..");
        method3();
    }
    public synchronized void method3(){
        System.out.println("method3..");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final ReenSync sd = new ReenSync();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                sd.method1();
            }
        });
        t1.start();
    }
}

通过本例可说明synchronized具有可重入性。

二、父类与子类的关系

package com.louis.线程;

public class ReenSync2 {
    static class Main {
        public int i = 10;
        public synchronized void operationSup(){
            try {
                i--;
                System.out.println("Main print i = " + i);
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    static class Sub extends Main {
        public synchronized void operationSub(){
            try {
                while(i > 0) {
                    i--;
                    System.out.println("Sub print i = " + i);
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                    this.operationSup();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Sub sub = new Sub();
                sub.operationSub();
            }
        });

        t1.start();
    }

}

父子方法都是用synchronized，是线程安全的

三、出现异常，释放锁

package com.louis.线程;

public class SynException {
    private int i = 0;
    public synchronized void operation(){
        while(true){
            try {
                i++;
                Thread.sleep(100);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " , i = " + i);
                if(i == 10){
                    Integer.parseInt("a");
//                    throw new RuntimeException();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                System.out.println("log info i =" + i);

            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        final SynException se = new SynException();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                se.operation();
            }
        },"t1");
        t1.start();
    }
}

四、使用synchronized代码块加锁
有对象锁、类锁、任何对象锁

package com.louis.线程;

/**
 * 使用synchronized代码块加锁,比较灵活
 * @author alienware
 *
 */
public class ObjectLock {

	public void method1(){
		synchronized (this) {	//对象锁
			try {
				System.out.println("do method1..");
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	public void method2(){		//类锁
		synchronized (ObjectLock.class) {
			try {
				System.out.println("do method2..");
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	private Object lock = new Object();
	public void method3(){		//任何对象锁
		synchronized (lock) {
			try {
				System.out.println("do method3..");
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		final ObjectLock objLock = new ObjectLock();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				objLock.method1();
			}
		});
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				objLock.method2();
			}
		});
		Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				objLock.method3();
			}
		});
		
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
		
		
	}
	
}

五、对字符串常量加锁注意事项

package com.louis.线程;
/**
 * synchronized代码块对字符串的锁，注意String常量池的缓存功能
 * @author alienware
 *
 */
public class StringLock {

	public void method() {
		//new String("字符串常量")    //没问题
		synchronized ("字符串常量") {//有问题
			try {
				while(true){
					System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始");
					Thread.sleep(1000);		
					System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "结束");
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		final StringLock stringLock = new StringLock();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				stringLock.method();
			}
		},"t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				stringLock.method();
			}
		},"t2");
		
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
	}
}

换成字符串对象即可。

六、更改锁对象

package com.louis.线程;
/**
 * 锁对象的改变问题
 *
 *
 */
public class ChangeLock {

	private String lock = "lock";
	
	private void method(){
		synchronized (lock) {
			try {
				System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始");
				lock = "change lock";
				Thread.sleep(2000);
				System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "结束");
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
	
		final ChangeLock changeLock = new ChangeLock();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				changeLock.method();
			}
		},"t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				changeLock.method();
			}
		},"t2");
		t1.start();
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		t2.start();
	}
	
}

因为锁对象更改了，所以两个线程同时执行。

七、一个对象的属性发生改变，不会影响锁对象

package com.louis.线程;
/**
 * 同一对象属性的修改不会影响锁的情况
 * @author alienware
 *
 */
public class ModifyLock {
	
	private String name ;
	private int age ;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	public synchronized void changeAttributte(String name, int age) {
		try {
			System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 开始");
			this.setName(name);
			this.setAge(age);
			
			System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 修改对象内容为： " 
					+ this.getName() + ", " + this.getAge());
			
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 结束");
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		final ModifyLock modifyLock = new ModifyLock();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				modifyLock.changeAttributte("张三", 20);
			}
		},"t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				modifyLock.changeAttributte("李四", 21);
			}
		},"t2");
		
		t1.start();
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		t2.start();
	}
	
}