Javaweb-文件上传下载

1. 文件上传准备:
        1):上传控件所在的<form>表单的method,必须为POST:
        2):至少一个上传控件，得使用type为file的类型.<input type="file" name="headImg" />
        3):表单的编码方式必须是二进制编码.<form enctype="multipart/form-data">
   <form enctype="multipart/form-data">,在Servlet中 不能通过request.getParamenter 获取参数 (则设置编码都没有效果)
    4）最后都要获取（是有一定格式的二进制流）、解析(将简单String...类型数据解析为Javabean),保存  。手动getInputStream（）获取，再解码（不推荐）或用第三方的 (底层依然是在解析HTTP的请求实体)           在项目中导入相关的jar包:commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar    commons-io-1.4.jar

2. 上传文件名称处理:
    1: IE6问题:通过FileItem.getName方法获取上传文件的名称,此时会带有路径:
       其他浏览器:  seemygo.png,
        IE6:       C:\123\seemygo.png.
   使用FilenameUtils.getName(path);
   2: 上传文件名称:给上传的文件起唯一的名称: UUID.
   String randomFileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString()+"."+FilenameUtils.getExtension(fileName);
   3: 上传文件的保存路径: 一般的,把上传文件保存到应用里面.
   不同服务器项目所在路径未知,未必有此磁盘,应使用相对路径用方法获取绝对路径
   req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
   item.write(new File(fileName));
   item.write(new File(realPath,uuid+"."+extension));

3.  

    二:缓存大小和临时目录:
          缓存大小:超过该缓存大小的值,就保存到临时文件.   默认是10240字节,10KB.
          临时目录:Tomcat根/temp目录. (一般不设置.)   
          factory.setSizeThreshold(1024 * 10 * 5);//50KB //设置缓存大小
          factory.setRepository(new File("C:/temp")); //设置临时目录
      三:限定文件上传的类型和异常处理: 通过拓展名或contentType
      四:文件大小约束:
         情况1:  单个文件超过指定的大小.            upload.setFileSizeMax(1024 * 3);//3K
          情况2:  该次请求的全部数据超过指定的大小.  upload.setSizeMax(1024 * 5);//5K

   一:公享资源放在WEB-INF外用<a href=”资源的相对路径"/> 点击打开文件，用浏览器下载
   二:针对web-INF下的资源下载
   设置响应报头 contentType: application/x-msdownload
   告诉浏览器其所输出的内容的类型不是普通的文本文件或 HTML 文件，
   而是一个要保存到本地的下载文件
   response.setContentType("application/x-msdownload");
   --------------------------------------------------------
   设置响应抱头 Content-Disposition: attachment
   Web 服务器希望浏览器不直接处理相应的实体内容，
   而是由用户选择将相应的实体内容保存到一个文件中
   response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=建议保存名称")
   --------------------------------------------------------
   解决下载保存文件乱码问题
   (FF)response.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+new String(filename.getBytes("UTF-8"),"ISO8859-1"));
   (IE)response.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8"));

   Files.copy(Paths.get(下载文件的绝对路径，OutPutStream))        Files.copy(Paths.get(file.getAbsolutePath()), resp.getOutputStream());

   package com.upload;
   
   import java.io.File;
   import java.io.IOException;
   import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
   import java.util.List;
   import java.util.UUID;
   
   import javax.servlet.ServletException;
   import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
   
   import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
   import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItemFactory;
   import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
   import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
   import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
   import org.apache.commons.io.FilenameUtils;
   
   @WebServlet("/upload")
   public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
   
   	@Override
   	protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
   		// boolean isMultipart = FileUploadUtil.isMultipartContent(req);
   		boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(req);
   		if (isMultipart) {
   			FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
   
   			ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
   			// upload.setFileSizeMax(1024 * 10);
   			// upload.setSizeMax(1024 * 120);
   
   			try {
   				// name StoreLocation size isFormField FieldName
   				// name StoreLocation size isFormField FieldName
   				List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(req);
   				for (FileItem item : items) {
   					if (item.isFormField()) {
   						String fieldName = item.getFieldName();
   						System.out.println(fieldName);
   						System.out.println(item.getString("utf-8"));
   					} else {
   						String realPath = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("\\upload");
   						System.out.println(realPath);
   						String name = FilenameUtils.getName(item.getName());
   						System.out.println(name);
   						String extension = FilenameUtils.getExtension(name);
   						System.out.println(extension);
   						String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 5);
   						String fileName = realPath + File.separator + uuid + "." + extension;
   						System.out.println(fileName);
   						String contentType = item.getContentType();
   						System.out.println(contentType);
   						long size = item.getSize();
   						System.out.println(size);
   						try {
   							if (size != 0) {
   								item.write(new File(fileName));
   								// item.write(new
   								// File(realPath,uuid+"."+extension));
   							}
   						} catch (Exception e) {
   
   							e.printStackTrace();
   						}
   					}
   
   				}
   
   			} catch (FileUploadException e) {
   
   				e.printStackTrace();
   			}
   		}
   	}
   
   }
   

   package com.upload;
   
   import java.io.File;
   import java.io.IOException;
   import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
   import java.net.URLEncoder;
   import java.nio.file.Files;
   import java.nio.file.Paths;
   import java.util.List;
   import java.util.UUID;
   
   import javax.servlet.ServletException;
   import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
   
   import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
   import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItemFactory;
   import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
   import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
   import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
   import org.apache.commons.io.FilenameUtils;
   import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
   
   @WebServlet("/download")
   public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
   
   	@Override
   	protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
   		req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
   		resp.setContentType("application/x-msdownload");
   		String fileName = req.getParameter("fileName");
   		String realPath = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/download");
   		File file = new File(realPath, fileName);
   		System.out.println(file);
   		String header = resp.getHeader("User-Agent");
   		System.out.println(header);
   		if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(header)) {
   			if (header.contains("MSIE") || header.contains("Gecko")) {
   				fileName = URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "utf-8");
   			} else {
   				fileName = new String(fileName.getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO8859-1");
   			}
   		}
   		resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName);
   		Files.copy(Paths.get(file.getAbsolutePath()), resp.getOutputStream());
   	}
   
   }