- 执行sql语句: RMAN> sql 'alter system switch logfile';
- 指定备份路径: RMAN> backup database format '/u01/backup/bak_%U';
- 备份表空间: RMAN> backup tablespace tablespace_name;
- 备份控制文件: RMAN> backup current controlfile;
- 备份归档日志: RMAN> backup archivelog all;
- 备份控制文件的同时备份归档日志: RMAN> backup current controlfile plus archivelog;
- 备份参数文件: RMAN> backup spfile;
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单命令: backup database;
- 批命令:
rman> run{ 2> allocate channel cha1 type disk; 3> backup format '/u01/rmanbak/full_%t' tag full-backup database; 4> release channel cha1; 5>}
这个run中有3条命令,分别用分号来进行分割.
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Rman的format格式中的% (注:db_%d_%T_%s.bak)
%c:备份片的拷贝数(从1开始编号);
%d:数据库名称;
%D:位于该月中的天数(DD);
%M:位于该年中的月份(MM);
%F:一个基于DBID唯一的名称,这个格式的形式为c-xxx-YYYYMMDD-QQ,其中xxx位该数据库的DBID,YYYYMMDD为日期,QQ是一个1-256的序列;
%n:数据库名称,并且会在右侧用x字符进行填充,使其保持长度为8;
%u:是一个由备份集编号和建立时间压缩后组成的8字符名称。利用%u可以为每个备份集产生一个唯一的名称;
%p:表示备份集中的备份片的编号,从1开始编号;
%U:是%u_%p_%c的简写形式,利用它可以为每一个备份片段(既磁盘文件)生成一个唯一的名称,这是最常用的命名方式;
%s 备份集的号
%t:备份集时间戳;
%T:年月日格式(YYYYMMDD);
channel的概念:一个channel是rman于目标数据库之间的一个连接,"allocate channel"命令在目标数据库启动一个服务器进程,同时必须定义服务器进程执行备份和恢复操作使
用的I/O类型
通道控制命令可以用来:
控制rman使用的OS资源
影响并行度
指定I/O带宽的限制值(设置 limit read rate 参数)
指定备份片大小的限制(设置 limit kbytes)
指定当前打开文件的限制值(设置 limit maxopenfiles)
1、SHOW命令:
显示rman配置: RMAN> show all;
2、REPORT命令:
2.1、RMAN> report schema ------------------------------------------报告目标数据库的物理结构;
2.2、RMAN>report need backup days=3; --------------------------报告最近3天没有被备份的数据文件;
2.3、RMAN> report need backup days 3 tablespace users;---在USERS表空间上3天未备份的数据文件;
2.4、RMAN> report need backup incremental 3; -----------------报告恢复数据文件需要的增量备份个数超过3次的数据文件;
2.5、RMAN> report need backup redundancy 2 database; ----报告备份文件低于2份的所有数据文件;
RMAN>report need backup redundancy=2;
2.6、RMAN> report need backup recovery window of 6 days;--报告文件报表的恢复需要超过6天的归档日志的数据文件;
2.7、RMAN> report unrecoverable; ------------------------------------报告数据库所有不可恢复的数据文件;
2.8、RMAN> report obsolete redunndancy 2; -----------------------报告备份次数超过2次的陈旧备份;
2.9、RMAN>report obsolete; ---------------------------------------------报告多余的备份;
3、LIST命令:列出备份信息
3.1、列出数据文件备份集
RMAN>list backup ---------------------------------------- 列出详细备份;
RMAN>list expired backup ----------------------------- 列出过期备份;
RMAN> list backup of database;---------------------- 列出所有数据文件的备份集;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace user01;---------- 列出特定表空间的所有数据文件备份集;
3.2、RMAN> list backup of controlfile ------------------- 列出控制文件备份集;
3.3、RMAN> list backup of archivelog all -------------- 列出归档日志备份集详细信息;
RMAN>list archivelog all;------------------------------- 列出归档日志备份集简要信息
3.4、RMAN> list backup of spfile ------------------------ 列出SPFILE备份集;
3.5、RMAN> list copy of datafile 5 ---------------------- 列出数据文件映像副本;
3.6、RMAN> list copy of controlfile ---------------------- 列出控制文件映像副本;
3.7、RMAN> list copy of archivelog all------------------ 列出归档日志映像副本;
3.8、RMAN> list incarnation of database -------------- 列出对应物/列出数据库副本;
3.9、RMAN>list backup summary; 概述可用的备份;
B表示backup
F表示FULL
A表示archive log
0 1表示incremental backup
S说明备份状态(A AVAILABLE X EXPIRED )
3.10、RMAN>list backup by file ----------------- 按备份类型列出备份;
按照数据文件备份,归档日志备份,控制文件备份,服务器参数文件备份 列出
4、CROSSCHECK命令:校验备份信息
4.1、RMAN> crosscheck backup ---------------------------------------- 核对所有备份集;
4.2、RMAN> crosscheck backup of database------------------------- 核对所有数据文件的备份集;
4.3、RMAN> crosscheck backup of tablespace users -------------- 核对特定表空间的备份集;
4.4、RMAN> crosscheck backup of datafile 4 ------------------------- 核对特定数据文件的备份集;
4.5、RMAN> crosscheck backup of controlfile ------------------------ 核对控制文件的备份集;
4.6、RMAN> crosscheck backup of spfile ------------------------------ 核对SPFILE的备份集;
4.7、RMAN> crosscheck backup of archivelog sequence 3 ------- 核对归档日志的备份集;
4.8、RMAN> crosscheck copy --------------------------------------------- 核对所有映像副本;
4.9、RMAN> crosscheck copy of database ---------------------------- 核对所有数据文件的映像副本;
4.10、RMAN> crosscheck copy of tablespace users ---------------- 核对特定表空间的映像副本;
4.11、RMAN> crosscheck copy of datafile 6 --------------------------- 核对特定数据文件的映像副本;
4.12、RMAN> crosscheck copy of archivelog sequence 4 --------- 核对归档日志的映像副本;
4.13、RMAN> crosscheck copy of controlfile -------------------------- 核对控制文件的映像副本;
4.14、RMAN> crosscheck backup tag='SAT_BACKUP';
4.15、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2'
4.16、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2 '
4.17、RMAN> crosscheck backup device type sBT;
4.18、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;
4.19、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog like '%ARC00012.001'
4.20、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12;
4.21、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog until sequence 522;
5、DELETE:删除备份
5.1、RMAN> delete obsolete; ----------------------------------------------- 删除陈旧备份;
5.2、RMAN> delete expired backup;-------------------------------------- 删除EXPIRED备份
5.3、RMAN> delete expired copy; ----------------------------------------- 删除EXPIRED副本;
5.4、RMAN> delete backupset 19; ---------------------------------------- 删除特定备份集;
5.5、RMAN> delete backuppiece ''d:\backup\DEMO_19.bak''------ 删除特定备份片;
5.6、RMAN> delete backup ------------------------------------------------- 删除所有备份集;
5.7、RMAN> delete datafilecopy ''d:\backup\DEMO_19.bak''------ 删除特定映像副本;
5.8、RMAN> delete copy --------------------------------------------------- 删除所有映像副本;
5.9、RMAN> delete archivelog all delete input;
RMAN> delete backupset 22 format = ''d:\backup\%u.bak'' delete input ------- 在备份后删除输入对象;
5.10、RMAN> delete backupset id; ---------------------------------------- 删除备份集
RMAN> configure retention policy to redundancy 3;
1.备份策略
- RMAN> configure retention policy to recovery window of 8 days;
recover window是保持所有足够的备份,可以将数据库系统恢复到最近8天内的任意时刻。超过最近8天的数据库备份将被标记为obsolete
- RMAN> configure retention policy to redundancy 7;
保持可以恢复的最近7份数据库备份,超过最近7份的备份都将被标记为redundancy,默认是1份。
- RMAN> configure retention policy clear; 恢复到默认的RMAN参数
2.备份优化
- RMAN> configure backup optimization on; 备份优化选项打开
- RMAN> configure backup optimization off; 备份优化选项关闭
- RMAN> configure backup optimization clear; 备份优化选项清除,恢复到默认关闭状态
3.默认备份设备
- RMAN> configure default device type to disk; 备份到磁盘
- RMAN> configure default device type to sbt; 备份到磁带
- RMAN> configure default device type clear; 清除参数,默认到磁盘
4.控制文件设置
- RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on; 配置控制文件自动备份
- RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/u01/backup/controlbak_%F'; 配置控制文件到磁盘,带格式
- RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup clear; 清除配置
- RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk clear; 清除到磁盘的带格式配置
- RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name to '/u01/backup/controlbak.snap'; 创建快照
备份文件或修改数据库结构(比如归档或非归档切换)等操作后,进行控制文件自动备份,防止控制文件丢失后导致数据丢失。
5.配置通道
- RMAN> configure device type disk parallelism 2; 配置到磁盘通道并行度为2
- RMAN> configure device type disk clear; 清除配置,恢复到默认
- RMAN> configure channel device type disk format '/u01/backup/back_%U'; 配置到磁盘,带格式
- RMAN> configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 100m; 配置最大备份片尺寸
- RMAN> configure channel device type disk rate 100k; 限制备份速度
6.备份副本(到磁盘则用SBT,如果是归档日志,则用configure archivelog ......)
- RMAN> configure datafile backup copies for device type disk to 3;
- RMAN> configure datafile backup copies for device type disk clear; 配置后,每次备份都可以有多份冗余。
7.设置备份集大小
- RMAN> configure maxsetsize to unlimited;
- RMAN> configure maxsetsize clear;
注:本篇文章部分整理自网络