字符流乱码解决方法以及原理分析

1.字符流的乱码

response.getWriter().write("中国");这行代码，首先会把中国写入到缓冲区，然后使用老外喜欢用的iso-8859-1进行编码。

然后浏览器使用本地编码表进行解码。因此会产生乱码。

package com.itheima;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Demo7Servlet extends HttpServlet {
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		response.getWriter().write("中国");
	}
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}

运行结果：

然后解决方式：就是告知服务器使用gbk进行编码：response.setCharacterEncoding("gbk");

package com.itheima;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Demo7Servlet extends HttpServlet {
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		//告知服务器使用gbk进行编码
		response.setCharacterEncoding("gbk");
		response.getWriter().write("中国");
	}
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}

运行结果：

2.如果告知服务器使用utf-8进行编码，但是浏览器会使用默认编码gbk，所以为了防止乱码，因此需要告知浏览器使用utf-8进行解码

package com.itheima;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Demo7Servlet extends HttpServlet {
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		//告知服务器使用gbk进行编码
		response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		//告知浏览器使用utf-8进行解码
		response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");
		response.getWriter().write("中国");
	}
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}

运行结果：

3.sun公司为了方便使用所以使用response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");告知浏览器使用utf-8进行解码，但是底层可以预先知道服务器使用什么编码进行编码。

因此这句话相当于即告知服务器使用ut8-8编码，同时也告知浏览器使用utf-8进行解码。这句话代替了这两句话的作用：

              //告知服务器使用gbk进行编码
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//告知浏览器使用utf-8进行解码
response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("中国");

package com.itheima;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Demo7Servlet extends HttpServlet {
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		//即告知服务器使用ut8-8编码，同时也告知浏览器使用utf-8进行解码。
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		response.getWriter().write("中国");
	}
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}

运行结果：