IP分段
- A类保留给ZF或大型企业
- B类分配给中等规模的公司
- C类分配给小公司或个人
- D类用于组播
- E类用于实验
- A类地址的第一位总是O,如,10.0.0.1==00001010-00000000-00000000-00000001
- 1.0.0.0-127.255.255.255,默认子网掩码为255.0.0.0,最多可容纳16777215台计算机
- B类地址的前两位总是10,如,172.16.0.1==10101100-00010000-00000000-00000001
- 128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255,默认子网掩码为255.255.0.0,最多可容纳65535台计算机
- C类地址的前三位总是110。如,192.168.0.1==11000000-10101000-00000000-00000001
- 192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255,默认子网掩码是255.255.255.0,最多可容纳254台计算机
- 专用IP地址: 就是我们在3类地址中常见到内网的IP段
前缀 | 地址段 |
---|---|
10.0.0.0/8 | 10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255 |
172.16.0.0/12 | 172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255 |
192.168.0.0/16 | 192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255 |
Special Use IPv4 Addresses
Hosts that do not require access to the Internet can use private addresses
- 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8)
- 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/12)
- 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/16)
Shared address space addresses: 共享地址空间
- Not globally routable
- Intended only for use in service provider networks
- Address block is 100.64.0.0/10
Others
- Network and Broadcast addresses – within each network the first and last addresses cannot be assigned to hosts
- Loopback address – 127.0.0.1 a special address that hosts use to direct traffic to themselves (addresses 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 are reserved)
- Link-Local address – 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255 (169.254.0.0/16) addresses can be automatically assigned to the localhost
- TEST-NET addresses – 192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255 (192.0.2.0/24) set aside for teaching and learning purposes, used in documentation andnetwork examples
- Experimental addresses – 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254 are listedas reserved
- The range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255 is reserved to reach multicast groups on a local network.