流媒体之DirectShow——基本任务

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-21 15:41:24 发布

一步-refresh

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-21 15:41:24 发布

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分类专栏： Media Stream 文章标签： DirectShow DShow Basic Tasks Direct Show

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yibu_refresh/article/details/94025603

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文章目录

一：视频显示

1.1 Renderer介绍

DirectShow使用的renderer有以下几种：

Video Renderer filter： 支持所有DirectX的平台，没有系统要求，为默认renderer；
Video Mixing Renderer Filter 7(VMR-7)： WindowsXP以后版本支持，加入新特性；
Video Mixing Renderer Filter 9(VMR-9)： 比VMR7更先进，但对系统要求更高；
Enhanced Video Renderer (EVR)： Windows Vista之后版本支持。
总的来说：EVR 针对Windows Vista及之后版本，VMR-9针对Windows Vista之前版本。
窗口模式：
Windowed Mode： 窗口模式，renderer带有自己的显示窗口，可以根据需要进行窗口嵌套；
Windowless Mode： 无窗口模式，renderer没有自带窗口，可以直接在其他窗口显示。
Video Renderer filter只支持窗口模式； VMR-7 和 VMR-9 都支持；EVR 只支持无窗口模式。

1.2 Renderer选择

Renderer的选择主要根据Window版本确定，可根据需要选择：

Filter	Remarks
Enhanced Video Renderer (EVR)	Uses Direct3D 9. Requires Windows Vista or later.
Video Mixing Renderer 9 (VMR-9)	Uses Direct3D 9. Requires Windows XP or later.
Video Mixing Filter 7 (VMR-7)	Uses DirectDraw. Requires Windows XP or later.
Overlay Mixer	Supports hardware overlays through DirectDraw.
Legacy Video Renderer filter.	Uses DirectDraw or (rarely) GDI

1.3 Windowed Mode

窗口模式拥有自己的窗口，可以进行窗口嵌套，常规步骤：

查询IVideoWindow接口；
设置父窗口；
设置新的窗口风格；
为窗口在父窗口设置相应的位置；
通知窗口相应的WM_MOVE 事件。

// Query IVideoWindow
IVideoWindow *pVidWin = NULL;
pGraph->QueryInterface(IID_IVideoWindow, (void **)&pVidWin);

// Set parent
pVidWin->put_Owner((OAHWND)hwnd);

// Set window style
pVidWin->put_WindowStyle(WS_CHILD | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS);

// Set position
RECT rc;
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rc);
pVidWin->SetWindowPosition(0, 0, rc.right, rc.bottom);

// Deal event
// (Inside your WindowProc)
case WM_MOVE:
    pVidWin->NotifyOwnerMessage((OAHWND)hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
    break;

// Clear up
pControl->Stop();
pVidWin->put_Visible(OAFALSE);
pVidWin->put_Owner(NULL);

1.4 Windowless Mode

常规步骤如下：

配置VMR为Windowless模式；
VMR-7：
- 创建Filter Graph Manager；
- 创建VMR-7 并添加到filter graph；
- 通过IVMRFilterConfig::SetRenderingMode设置VMRMode_Windowless标志；
- 查询VMR-7的 IVMRWindowlessControl接口；
- 调用IVMRWindowlessControl::SetVideoClippingWindow设置窗口。
  VMR-9：
- 创建Filter Graph Manager；
- 创建VMR-9 并添加到filter graph；
- 通过 IVMRFilterConfig9::SetRenderingMode设置VMR9Mode_Windowless标志；
- 查询VMR-9的IVMRWindowlessControl9接口；
- 调用IVMRWindowlessControl9::SetVideoClippingWindow设置窗口。
处理filter graph的剩余部分；
指定视频位置：
VMR7：
- IVMRWindowlessControl::SetVideoPosition指定源矩形和目标矩形区域；
- 源矩形必须小于等于视频大小，视频大小可以通过IVMRWindowlessControl::GetNativeVideoSize查询。
  VMR9：
- IVMRWindowlessControl9::SetVideoPosition指定源矩形和目标矩形区域；
- 源矩形必须小于等于视频大小，视频大小可以通过IVMRWindowlessControl9::GetNativeVideoSize。
处理窗口消息：
VMR-7：
- WM_PAINT: 调用 IVMRWindowlessControl::RepaintVideo绘制最新视频帧；
- WM_DISPLAYCHANGE: 调用IVMRWindowlessControl::DisplayModeChanged重置视频分辨率或色彩格式；
- WM_SIZE or WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED: 重新计算位置，调用 IVMRWindowlessControl::SetVideoPosition 更新。
  VMR-9:
- WM_PAINT： 调用 IVMRWindowlessControl9::RepaintVideo 绘制最新视频帧；
- **WM_DISPLAYCHANGE: ** 调用 IVMRWindowlessControl9::DisplayModeChanged重制视频分辨率或色彩格式；
- WM_SIZE or **WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED: **重新计算位置，调用IVMRWindowlessControl9::SetVideoPosition 更新。

二：处理消息

DirectShow的消息处理流程：

// 自定义消息类型
#define WM_GRAPHNOTIFY  WM_APP + 1

// 注册窗口消息
IMediaEventEx *g_pEvent = NULL;
g_pGraph->QueryInterface(IID_IMediaEventEx, (void **)&g_pEvent);
g_pEvent->SetNotifyWindow((OAHWND)g_hwnd, WM_GRAPHNOTIFY, 0);

// 在窗口的消息循环中处理注册的消息
case WM_GRAPHNOTIFY:
    HandleGraphEvent();
    break;

// 处理DirectShow消息
void HandleGraphEvent()
{
    // Disregard if we don't have an IMediaEventEx pointer.
    if (g_pEvent == NULL)
    {
        return;
    }
    // Get all the events
    long evCode;
    LONG_PTR param1, param2;
    HRESULT hr;
    while (SUCCEEDED(g_pEvent->GetEvent(&evCode, &param1, &param2, 0)))
    {
        g_pEvent->FreeEventParams(evCode, param1, param2);
        switch (evCode)
        {
        case EC_COMPLETE:  // Fall through.
        case EC_USERABORT: // Fall through.
        case EC_ERRORABORT:
            CleanUp();
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            return;
        }
    } 
}

三：设备枚举

3.1 系统枚举

// 创建设备枚举句柄
HRESULT hr;
ICreateDevEnum *pSysDevEnum = NULL;
hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SystemDeviceEnum, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
    IID_ICreateDevEnum, (void **)&pSysDevEnum);
if (FAILED(hr)) {
    return hr;
}

// 获得视频枚举器
IEnumMoniker *pEnumCat = NULL;
hr = pSysDevEnum->CreateClassEnumerator(CLSID_VideoCompressorCategory, &pEnumCat, 0);
if (hr == S_OK) {
    // 循环枚举
    IMoniker *pMoniker = NULL;
    ULONG cFetched;
    while(pEnumCat->Next(1, &pMoniker, &cFetched) == S_OK)
    {
        IPropertyBag *pPropBag;
        hr = pMoniker->BindToStorage(0, 0, IID_IPropertyBag, 
            (void **)&pPropBag);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
             VARIANT var;
        	VariantInit(&var);

        	// Get description or friendly name.
        	hr = pPropBag->Read(L"Description", &var, 0);
        	if (FAILED(hr))
        	{
         		hr = pPropBag->Read(L"FriendlyName", &var, 0);
        	}
        	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        	{
            	printf("%S\n", var.bstrVal);
            	VariantClear(&var); 
        	}

        	hr = pPropBag->Write(L"FriendlyName", &var);

        	// WaveInID applies only to audio capture devices.
        	hr = pPropBag->Read(L"WaveInID", &var, 0);
        	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        	{
            	printf("WaveIn ID: %d\n", var.lVal);
            	VariantClear(&var); 
        	}

        	hr = pPropBag->Read(L"DevicePath", &var, 0);
        	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        	{
            	// The device path is not intended for display.
            	printf("Device path: %S\n", var.bstrVal);
            	VariantClear(&var); 
        	}

            // To create an instance of the filter, do the following:
            IBaseFilter *pFilter;
            hr = pMoniker->BindToObject(NULL, NULL, IID_IBaseFilter,
                (void**)&pFilter);
            // Now add the filter to the graph. 
            //Remember to release pFilter later.
            pPropBag->Release();
        }
        pMoniker->Release();
    }
    pEnumCat->Release();
}
pSysDevEnum->Release();

CLSID_VideoCompressorCategory表示枚举的设备类型，根据需要修改。例如：CLSID_AudioInputDeviceCategory，CLSID_VideoInputDeviceCategory等。

每个IMoniker的IPropertyBag包含的内容如下：

Property	Description	VARIANT Type
“FriendlyName”	The name of the device.	VT_BSTR
“Description”	A description of the device.	VT_BSTR
“DevicePath”	A unique string that identifies the device. (Video capture devices only.)	VT_BSTR
“WaveInID”	The identifier for an audio capture device. (Audio capture devices only.)	VT_I4

3.2 Filter Mapper枚举

略

四：Filter Graph内部枚举

Filter Graph -> Filters -> Pins -> Media Types

4.1 枚举Filters

在Filter Graph中枚举存在的Filters：

HRESULT EnumFilters (IFilterGraph *pGraph) 
{
    IEnumFilters *pEnum = NULL;
    IBaseFilter *pFilter;
    ULONG cFetched;

    // 查询所有Filters
    HRESULT hr = pGraph->EnumFilters(&pEnum);
    if (FAILED(hr)) return hr;

    // 遍历枚举到的Filter信息
    while(pEnum->Next(1, &pFilter, &cFetched) == S_OK)
    {
        FILTER_INFO FilterInfo;
        hr = pFilter->QueryFilterInfo(&FilterInfo);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Could not get the filter info"),
                TEXT("Error"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
            continue;  // Maybe the next one will work.
        }

#ifdef UNICODE
        MessageBox(NULL, FilterInfo.achName, TEXT("Filter Name"), MB_OK);
#else
        char szName[MAX_FILTER_NAME];
        int cch = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, FilterInfo.achName,
            MAX_FILTER_NAME, szName, MAX_FILTER_NAME, 0, 0);
        if (cch > 0)
            MessageBox(NULL, szName, TEXT("Filter Name"), MB_OK);
#endif

        // The FILTER_INFO structure holds a pointer to the Filter Graph
        // Manager, with a reference count that must be released.
        if (FilterInfo.pGraph != NULL)
        {
            FilterInfo.pGraph->Release();
        }
        pFilter->Release();
    }

    pEnum->Release();
    return S_OK;
}

4.2 枚举Pin

枚举单个Filter包含的Pins：

HRESULT GetPin(IBaseFilter *pFilter, PIN_DIRECTION PinDir, IPin **ppPin)
{
    IEnumPins  *pEnum = NULL;
    IPin       *pPin = NULL;
    HRESULT    hr;

    if (ppPin == NULL)
    {
        return E_POINTER;
    }

    // 查询所有的Pins
    hr = pFilter->EnumPins(&pEnum);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        return hr;
    }
    
    // 遍历Pin信息(方向等)
    while(pEnum->Next(1, &pPin, 0) == S_OK)
    {
        PIN_DIRECTION PinDirThis;
        hr = pPin->QueryDirection(&PinDirThis);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            pPin->Release();
            pEnum->Release();
            return hr;
        }
        if (PinDir == PinDirThis)
        {
            // Found a match. Return the IPin pointer to the caller.
            *ppPin = pPin;
            pEnum->Release();
            return S_OK;
        }
        // Release the pin for the next time through the loop.
        pPin->Release();
    }
    // No more pins. We did not find a match.
    pEnum->Release();
    return E_FAIL;  
}

4.3 枚举Media Types

枚举Pin包含的Media Types：

// Given a pin, find a preferred media type 
//
// pPin         Pointer to the pin.
// majorType    Preferred major type (GUID_NULL = don't care).
// subType      Preferred subtype (GUID_NULL = don't care).
// formatType   Preferred format type (GUID_NULL = don't care).
// ppmt         Receives a pointer to the media type. Can be NULL.
//
// Note: If you want to check whether a pin supports a desired media type,
//       but do not need the format details, set ppmt to NULL.
//
//       If ppmt is not NULL and the method succeeds, the caller must
//       delete the media type, including the format block. 

HRESULT GetPinMediaType(
    IPin *pPin,             // pointer to the pin
    REFGUID majorType,      // desired major type, or GUID_NULL = don't care
    REFGUID subType,        // desired subtype, or GUID_NULL = don't care
    REFGUID formatType,     // desired format type, of GUID_NULL = don't care
    AM_MEDIA_TYPE **ppmt    // Receives a pointer to the media type. (Can be NULL)
    )
{
    *ppmt = NULL;

    IEnumMediaTypes *pEnum = NULL;
    AM_MEDIA_TYPE *pmt = NULL;
    BOOL bFound = FALSE;
    
    HRESULT hr = pPin->EnumMediaTypes(&pEnum);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        return hr;
    }

    while (hr = pEnum->Next(1, &pmt, NULL), hr == S_OK)
    {
        if ((majorType == GUID_NULL) || (majorType == pmt->majortype))
        {
            if ((subType == GUID_NULL) || (subType == pmt->subtype))
            {
                if ((formatType == GUID_NULL) || 
                    (formatType == pmt->formattype))
                {
                    // Found a match. 
                    if (ppmt)
                    {
                        *ppmt = pmt;  // Return it to the caller
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        _DeleteMediaType(pmt);
                    }
                    bFound = TRUE;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        _DeleteMediaType(pmt);
    }

    SafeRelease(&pEnum);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        if (!bFound)
        {
            hr = VFW_E_NOT_FOUND;
        }
    }
    return hr;
}

五：Graph建立

5.1 Filter通过CLSID加入Graph

HRESULT AddFilterByCLSID(
    IGraphBuilder *pGraph,      // Pointer to the Filter Graph Manager.
    REFGUID clsid,              // CLSID of the filter to create.
    IBaseFilter **ppF,          // Receives a pointer to the filter.
    LPCWSTR wszName             // A name for the filter (can be NULL).
    )
{
    *ppF = 0;

    IBaseFilter *pFilter = NULL;
    
    HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(clsid, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, 
        IID_PPV_ARGS(&pFilter));
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    hr = pGraph->AddFilter(pFilter, wszName);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    *ppF = pFilter;
    (*ppF)->AddRef();

done:
    SafeRelease(&pFilter);
    return hr;
}

上述步骤为：根据CLSID创建Filter -> 将Filter加入Graph。
有时候也可以使用更简单的方法（但不是一直有效）：

IBaseFilter *pMux;
hr = AddFilterByCLSID(pGraph, CLSID_AviDest, L"AVI Mux", &pMux, NULL); 
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
    /* ... */
   pMux->Release();
}

5.2 查找Pin

Pin有连接状态和方向两种属性。通过以下接口可以查询：
查询Pin是否连接：

HRESULT IsPinConnected(IPin *pPin, BOOL *pResult)
{
    IPin *pTmp = NULL;
    HRESULT hr = pPin->ConnectedTo(&pTmp);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        *pResult = TRUE;
    }
    else if (hr == VFW_E_NOT_CONNECTED)
    {
        // The pin is not connected. This is not an error for our purposes.
        *pResult = FALSE;
        hr = S_OK;
    }

    SafeRelease(&pTmp);
    return hr;
}

查询Pin方向：

// Query whether a pin has a specified direction (input / output)
HRESULT IsPinDirection(IPin *pPin, PIN_DIRECTION dir, BOOL *pResult)
{
    PIN_DIRECTION pinDir;
    HRESULT hr = pPin->QueryDirection(&pinDir);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        *pResult = (pinDir == dir);
    }
    return hr;
}

按照连接状态和方向查询：

// Match a pin by pin direction and connection state.
HRESULT MatchPin(IPin *pPin, PIN_DIRECTION direction, BOOL bShouldBeConnected, BOOL *pResult)
{
    assert(pResult != NULL);

    BOOL bMatch = FALSE;
    BOOL bIsConnected = FALSE;

    HRESULT hr = IsPinConnected(pPin, &bIsConnected);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        if (bIsConnected == bShouldBeConnected)
        {
            hr = IsPinDirection(pPin, direction, &bMatch);
        }
    }

    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        *pResult = bMatch;
    }
    return hr;
}

按要求查找Filter中的符合条件的Pin：

// Return the first unconnected input pin or output pin.
HRESULT FindUnconnectedPin(IBaseFilter *pFilter, PIN_DIRECTION PinDir, IPin **ppPin)
{
    IEnumPins *pEnum = NULL;
    IPin *pPin = NULL;
    BOOL bFound = FALSE;

    HRESULT hr = pFilter->EnumPins(&pEnum);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    while (S_OK == pEnum->Next(1, &pPin, NULL))
    {
        hr = MatchPin(pPin, PinDir, FALSE, &bFound);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            goto done;
        }
        if (bFound)
        {
            *ppPin = pPin;
            (*ppPin)->AddRef();
            break;
        }
        SafeRelease(&pPin);
    }

    if (!bFound)
    {
        hr = VFW_E_NOT_FOUND;
    }

done:
    SafeRelease(&pPin);
    SafeRelease(&pEnum);
    return hr;
}

5.3 Filters连接

主要有以下几种连接方式：

5.3.1 Output Pin -> Filter

即已知上级的输出Pin和下级Filter：

// Connect output pin to filter.

HRESULT ConnectFilters(
    IGraphBuilder *pGraph, // Filter Graph Manager.
    IPin *pOut,            // Output pin on the upstream filter.
    IBaseFilter *pDest)    // Downstream filter.
{
    IPin *pIn = NULL;
        
    // Find an input pin on the downstream filter.
    HRESULT hr = FindUnconnectedPin(pDest, PINDIR_INPUT, &pIn);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        // Try to connect them.
        hr = pGraph->Connect(pOut, pIn);
        pIn->Release();
    }
    return hr;
}

5.3.2 Filter -> Input Pin

即已知上级Filter和下级的输入Pin：

// Connect filter to input pin.

HRESULT ConnectFilters(IGraphBuilder *pGraph, IBaseFilter *pSrc, IPin *pIn)
{
    IPin *pOut = NULL;
        
    // Find an output pin on the upstream filter.
    HRESULT hr = FindUnconnectedPin(pSrc, PINDIR_OUTPUT, &pOut);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        // Try to connect them.
        hr = pGraph->Connect(pOut, pIn);
        pOut->Release();
    }
    return hr;
}

5.3.3 Filter -> Filter

即已知上级Filter和下级Filter：

// Connect filter to filter

HRESULT ConnectFilters(IGraphBuilder *pGraph, IBaseFilter *pSrc, IBaseFilter *pDest)
{
    IPin *pOut = NULL;

    // Find an output pin on the first filter.
    HRESULT hr = FindUnconnectedPin(pSrc, PINDIR_OUTPUT, &pOut);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        hr = ConnectFilters(pGraph, pOut, pDest);
        pOut->Release();
    }
    return hr;
}

5.4 查找Filter和Pin的Interface

Filter和Pin都属于COM组件，都有相应的Interface用于控制。通过以下方法可以查找需要的Interface：

5.4.1 查找Filter的Interface

HRESULT FindFilterInterface(
    IGraphBuilder *pGraph, // Pointer to the Filter Graph Manager.
    REFGUID iid,           // IID of the interface to retrieve.
    void **ppUnk)          // Receives the interface pointer.
{
    if (!pGraph || !ppUnk) return E_POINTER;

    HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;
    IEnumFilters *pEnum = NULL;
    IBaseFilter *pF = NULL;
    if (FAILED(pGraph->EnumFilters(&pEnum)))
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }
    // Query every filter for the interface.
    while (S_OK == pEnum->Next(1, &pF, 0))
    {
        hr = pF->QueryInterface(iid, ppUnk);
        pF->Release();
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    pEnum->Release();
    return hr;
}

5.4.2 查找Pin的Interface

HRESULT FindPinInterface(
    IBaseFilter *pFilter,  // Pointer to the filter to search.
    REFGUID iid,           // IID of the interface.
    void **ppUnk)          // Receives the interface pointer.
{
    if (!pFilter || !ppUnk) return E_POINTER;

    HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;
    IEnumPins *pEnum = 0;
    if (FAILED(pFilter->EnumPins(&pEnum)))
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }
    // Query every pin for the interface.
    IPin *pPin = 0;
    while (S_OK == pEnum->Next(1, &pPin, 0))
    {
        hr = pPin->QueryInterface(iid, ppUnk);
        pPin->Release();
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    pEnum->Release();
    return hr;
}

5.4.3 查找任意的Interface

HRESULT FindInterfaceAnywhere(
    IGraphBuilder *pGraph, 
    REFGUID iid, 
    void **ppUnk)
{
    if (!pGraph || !ppUnk) return E_POINTER;
    HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;
    IEnumFilters *pEnum = 0;
    if (FAILED(pGraph->EnumFilters(&pEnum)))
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }
    // Loop through every filter in the graph.
    IBaseFilter *pF = 0;
    while (S_OK == pEnum->Next(1, &pF, 0))
    {
        hr = pF->QueryInterface(iid, ppUnk);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            // The filter does not expose the interface, but maybe
            // one of its pins does.
            hr = FindPinInterface(pF, iid, ppUnk);
        }
        pF->Release();
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    pEnum->Release();
    return hr;
}

5.5 查询Filter的相邻Filter

查找与Filter相连的其他Filter，基本就是遍历整个Graph。详情参考：
Find a Filters Peer

5.6 删除Graph的所有Filter

即遍历Graph和安全释放Filter：

// Stop the graph.
pControl->Stop();

// Enumerate the filters in the graph.
IEnumFilters *pEnum = NULL;
HRESULT hr = pGraph->EnumFilters(&pEnum);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
    IBaseFilter *pFilter = NULL;
    while (S_OK == pEnum->Next(1, &pFilter, NULL))
     {
         // Remove the filter.
         pGraph->RemoveFilter(pFilter);
         // Reset the enumerator.
         pEnum->Reset();
         pFilter->Release();
    }
    pEnum->Release();
}

5.7 使用Capture Graph Builder辅助构建Graph

由于Graph的结构过于复杂，DirectShow可以使用Capture Graph Builder来辅助构建一些特殊的Graph，例如采集系统等。可以认为Capture Graph Builder构建的是特殊的Filter Graph。具体操作：

构建Capture Graph Builder，并与Filter Graph关联；
连接Filters；
查找Filters和Pins的Interface；
查找Pins。

5.7.1 创建并关联Filter Graph

IGraphBuilder *pGraph = NULL;
ICaptureGraphBuilder2 *pBuilder = NULL;

// Create the Filter Graph Manager.
HRESULT hr =  CoCreateInstance(CLSID_FilterGraph, NULL,
    CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IGraphBuilder, (void **)&pGraph);

if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
    // Create the Capture Graph Builder.
    hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_CaptureGraphBuilder2, NULL,
        CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_ICaptureGraphBuilder2, 
        (void **)&pBuilder);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        pBuilder->SetFiltergraph(pGraph);
    }
};

5.7.2 连接Filters

Capture Graph Builder通过 ICaptureGraphBuilder2::RenderStream 连接Filters。暂时先不讨论此函数的前两个参数：

// Connect A -> B -> C
RenderStream(NULL, NULL, A, B, C);

// Connect A -> C
RenderStream(NULL, NULL, A, NULL, C);

// Connect A -> B -> C -> D -> E
RenderStream(NULL, NULL, A, B, C);
RenderStream(NULL, NULL, C, D, E);

最后一个参数为NULL则表示自动指定一个Renderer。现在来讨论前两个参数：

第一个参数：只用于Capture Filter，指明输出Pin类型，可选值：PIN_CATEGORY_CAPTURE 和 PIN_CATEGORY_PREVIEW;如果Capture Filter没有这两种类型的Pin，那么RenderStream会自动提供一个 Smart Tee Filter来提供Capture Pin和Preview Pin；（Preview Pin会根据需要丢帧，优先会保证Capture Pin的帧采集）；
第二个参数：媒体类型，取值：MEDIATYPE_Audio,MEDIATYPE_Video 和MEDIATYPE_Interleaved(DV)。

5.7.3 查找Filters和Pins的Interface

// eg. to find IAMStreamConfig interface
IAMStreamConfig *pConfig = NULL;
HRESULT hr = pBuild->FindInterface(
    &PIN_CATEGORY_PREVIEW, 
    &MEDIATYPE_Video,
    pVCap, 
    IID_IAMStreamConfig, 
    (void**)&pConfig
);
if (SUCCESSFUL(hr))
{
    /* ... */
    pConfig->Release();
}

5.7.4 查找Pins

// eg. find unconnected output pin
IPin *pPin = NULL;
hr = pBuild->FindPin(
    pCap,                   // Pointer to the filter to search.
    PINDIR_OUTPUT,          // Search for an output pin.
    &PIN_CATEGORY_PREVIEW,  // Search for a preview pin.
    &MEDIATYPE_Video,       // Search for a video pin.
    TRUE,                   // The pin must be unconnected. 
    0,                      // Return the first matching pin (index 0).
    &pPin);                 // This variable receives the IPin pointer.
if (SUCCESSFUL(hr))
{
    /* ... */
    pPin->Release();
}

六：在Filter Graph中Seek

Seeking the Filter Graph

七：设置Graph时钟

Setting the Graph Clock

八：显示属性页

IBaseFilter *pFilter;
/* Obtain the filter's IBaseFilter interface. (Not shown) */
ISpecifyPropertyPages *pProp;
HRESULT hr = pFilter->QueryInterface(IID_ISpecifyPropertyPages, (void **)&pProp);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) 
{
    // Get the filter's name and IUnknown pointer.
    FILTER_INFO FilterInfo;
    hr = pFilter->QueryFilterInfo(&FilterInfo); 
    IUnknown *pFilterUnk;
    pFilter->QueryInterface(IID_IUnknown, (void **)&pFilterUnk);

    // Show the page. 
    CAUUID caGUID;
    pProp->GetPages(&caGUID);
    pProp->Release();
    OleCreatePropertyFrame(
        hWnd,                   // Parent window
        0, 0,                   // Reserved
        FilterInfo.achName,     // Caption for the dialog box
        1,                      // Number of objects (just the filter)
        &pFilterUnk,            // Array of object pointers. 
        caGUID.cElems,          // Number of property pages
        caGUID.pElems,          // Array of property page CLSIDs
        0,                      // Locale identifier
        0, NULL                 // Reserved
    );

    // Clean up.
    pFilterUnk->Release();
    FilterInfo.pGraph->Release(); 
    CoTaskMemFree(caGUID.pElems);
}

参考：
Basic DirectShow Tasks

一步-refresh

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流媒体之DirectShow——基本任务

文章目录一：视频显示1.1 Renderer介绍1.2 Renderer选择1.3 Windowed Mode1.4 Windowless Mode二：处理消息三：设备枚举3.1 系统枚举3.2 Filter Mapper枚举四：Filter Graph内部枚举4.1 枚举Filters4.2 枚举Pin4.3 枚举Media Types五：Graph建立5.1 Filter通过CLSID加入Gr...
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