论java多线程中volatile关键字的重要性

试验代码如下

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        Job job = new Job();

        new Thread(job).start();
        Thread.sleep(1300L);
        println("main: I'm tired of waiting!");
        job.cancel();
        println("main: Now I can quit");
    }

    private static void println(String s) {
        System.out.println(s);
    }

    static class Job implements Runnable{
        private volatile boolean isActive = true;

        public void cancel(){
            isActive = false;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            long nextPrintTime = startTime;
            int i = 0;
            while (isActive) {
                if (System.currentTimeMillis() >= nextPrintTime) {
                    System.out.println("job: I'm sleeping " + i++);
                    nextPrintTime += 500L;
                }
            }

        }
    }
}

• 此时isActive实例变量有volatile关键字情况，打印结果如下：

  > Task :test.main()
  job: I'm sleeping 0
  job: I'm sleeping 1
  job: I'm sleeping 2
  main: I'm tired of waiting!
  main: Now I can quit
  

• 当把实例变量isActive关键字中volatile关键字去掉，打印出的结果是

  > Task :test.main()
  job: I'm sleeping 0
  job: I'm sleeping 1
  job: I'm sleeping 2
  main: I'm tired of waiting!
  main: Now I can quit
  job: I'm sleeping 3
  

对比可以看出，在一个线程修改另一个现场的值，如果没有volatile关键字，很容易另一个线程的中引用的值还是旧的值。验证了理论的正确性。