VMware ESXi 中的 CentOS 硬盘扩容

1. 在 vSphere Client 上直接扩大虚拟机的硬盘空间或者挂载一块新硬盘。

2. 查看当前硬盘空间情况：

[root@ucslab admin]# df -h

文件系统           容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点

/dev/mapper/vg_ucslab-lv_root

                       50G  8.8G   38G  19% /

tmpfs                 7.8G   88K  7.8G   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1             485M   30M  430M   7% /boot

/dev/mapper/vg_ucslab-lv_home

                       26G  616M   24G   3% /home

3. 创建新分区并调整分区类型：

[root@ucslab admin]# fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): p (显示当前分区情况)

Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000e362d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              64       10444    83373056   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): n (创建新的主分区)

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 3

First cylinder (10444-65270, default 10444):

Using default value 10444

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (10444-65270, default 65270):

Using default value 65270

Command (m for help): p (显示当前分区情况)

Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000e362d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              64       10444    83373056   8e  Linux LVM

/dev/sda3           10444       65270   440395195   83  Linux

Command (m for help): t  (修改分区类型为 Linux LVM, 8e)

Partition number (1-4): 3

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at

the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)

Syncing disks.

建议重启，或使用partprobe刷新硬盘情况。

4. 查看修改后的分区情况：

[root@ucslab admin]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000e362d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              64       10444    83373056   8e  Linux LVM

/dev/sda3           10444       65270   440395195   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/dm-0: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/dm-1: 4227 MB, 4227858432 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 514 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/dm-2: 27.5 GB, 27455913984 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3337 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/dm-2 doesn't contain a valid partition table

5. 初始化物理卷：

[root@ucslab admin]# pvcreate /dev/sda3

  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created

6. 添加到卷组：

[root@ucslab admin]# lvm

lvm> vgdisplay

  --- Volume group ---

  VG Name               vg_ucslab (卷组名称)

  System ID            

  Format                lvm2

  Metadata Areas        1

  Metadata Sequence No  4

  VG Access             read/write

  VG Status             resizable

  MAX LV                0

  Cur LV                3

  Open LV               3

  Max PV                0

  Cur PV                1

  Act PV                1

  VG Size               79.51 GiB

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              20354

  Alloc PE / Size       20354 / 79.51 GiB

  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0  

  VG UUID               1xZKPs-dWqe-Y8Ca-x885-Czo7-wCA8-gMd5u2

  

lvm> vgextend /dev/vg_ucslab /dev/sda3

  Volume group "vg_ucslab" successfully extended

lvm> vgdisplay

  --- Volume group ---

  VG Name               vg_ucslab

  System ID            

  Format                lvm2

  Metadata Areas        2

  Metadata Sequence No  5

  VG Access             read/write

  VG Status             resizable

  MAX LV                0

  Cur LV                3

  Open LV               3

  Max PV                0

  Cur PV                2

  Act PV                2

  VG Size               499.50 GiB

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              127872

  Alloc PE / Size       20354 / 79.51 GiB

  Free  PE / Size       107518 / 419.99 GiB

  VG UUID               1xZKPs-dWqe-Y8Ca-x885-Czo7-wCA8-gMd5u2

  

7. 显示逻辑卷情况，并扩展逻辑卷大小，每个逻辑卷扩展200G：

lvm> lvdisplay

  --- Logical volume ---

  LV Name                /dev/vg_ucslab/lv_root

  VG Name                vg_ucslab

  LV UUID                ekSWAJ-Yv5j-E9br-nmyF-jNtV-PXGb-LpxdDt

  LV Write Access        read/write

  LV Status              available

  # open                 1

  LV Size                50.00 GiB

  Current LE             12800

  Segments               1

  Allocation             inherit

  Read ahead sectors     auto

  - currently set to     256

  Block device           253:0

  

  --- Logical volume ---

  LV Name                /dev/vg_ucslab/lv_home

  VG Name                vg_ucslab

  LV UUID                cNeSMR-eddd-noQx-nMpq-pf1i-g3Qu-DEEt2M

  LV Write Access        read/write

  LV Status              available

  # open                 1

  LV Size                25.57 GiB

  Current LE             6546

  Segments               1

  Allocation             inherit

  Read ahead sectors     auto

  - currently set to     256

  Block device           253:2

  

  --- Logical volume ---

  LV Name                /dev/vg_ucslab/lv_swap

  VG Name                vg_ucslab

  LV UUID                DxN0XW-2g7D-ffle-zYme-yH4O-Ntbv-llAxPY

  LV Write Access        read/write

  LV Status              available

  # open                 1

  LV Size                3.94 GiB

  Current LE             1008

  Segments               1

  Allocation             inherit

  Read ahead sectors     auto

  - currently set to     256

  Block device           253:1

lvm> lvextend -L +200G /dev/vg_ucslab/lv_root

  Extending logical volume lv_root to 250.00 GiB

  Logical volume lv_root successfully resized

lvm> lvextend -L +200G /dev/vg_ucslab/lv_home

  Extending logical volume lv_home to 225.57 GiB

  Logical volume lv_home successfully resized

lvm> quit

  Exiting.

8. 修改文件系统实现扩容： 

[root@ucslab admin]# resize2fs -p /dev/vg_ucslab/lv_root

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/vg_ucslab/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 16

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_ucslab/lv_root to 65536000 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/vg_ucslab/lv_root is now 65536000 blocks long.

[root@ucslab admin]# resize2fs -p /dev/vg_ucslab/lv_home

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/vg_ucslab/lv_home is mounted on /home; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 15

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_ucslab/lv_home to 59131904 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/vg_ucslab/lv_home is now 59131904 blocks long.

另外，可以使用e2fsck -f 命令验证。

9. 扩容完成：

[admin@ucslab ~]$ df -h

文件系统           容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点

/dev/mapper/vg_ucslab-lv_root

                      247G  8.8G  225G   4% /

tmpfs                 7.8G   88K  7.8G   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1             485M   30M  430M   7% /boot

/dev/mapper/vg_ucslab-lv_home

                      223G  632M  211G   1% /home