Netty相关基础概念
1 Channel:相当于一个Socket连接,类比java nio的SocketChannel;
2 EventLoop:反应堆线程,通过非阻塞方式执行I/O任务、定时任务等,类比java nio的Selector;I/O任务和定时任务都被抽象为事件,通过eventloop线程执行;
3 EventLoopGroup:反应堆线程组成的线程池,用于提升反应堆的处理能力及可用性;
4 ChannelFuture:采用Promise模式,异步通知I/O结果;
5 ChannelPipeline:一个channel中,用于处理事件的职责链,即一条完整的数据处理流程,包括输入、输出;
6 ChannelHandler:一条ChannelPipeline中的一个环节,可以只针对特定事件进行处理,或者仅对事件进行部分处理,如数据的编解码,以便于后续环节的处理;
7 ChannelInitializer:用于初始化一个Channel;
8 Bootstrap:用于引导和简化一个Channel的初始化过程;
9 ChannelGroup:用于对一组Channel进行分类和统一管理;
Netty中实体的关系
1 一个EventLoopGroup中包含一个或者多个EventLoop;
2 一个EventLoop在其生命周期内只和一个Thread绑定,且分配给该EventLoop的所有事件都在其绑定的Thread上处理;
3 一个Channel在其生命周期内只注册于一个EventLoop;
4 一个EventLoop可以用于处理一个或者多个Channel的事件;
5 一个EventLoopGroup可以被多个Channel所共享,通过Bootstrap单独为每一个Channel新建EventLoopGroup没有必要;
Netty架构图
Netty实现一个HelloWorld
类结构图
Server.java
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
/**
* @ClassName Server
* @Description
* @Author 夕
* @Date 2019-11-10 18:47
* @Version V1.0
**/
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1 创建线两个程组
// 一个是用于处理服务器端接收客户端连接的
// 一个是进行网络通信的(网络读写的)
EventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup cGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
// 2 创建辅助工具类,用于服务器通道的一系列配置
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(pGroup, cGroup) // 绑定俩个线程组
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) // 指定NIO的模式
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024) // 设置tcp缓冲区
.option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, 32*1024) // 设置发送缓冲大小
.option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 32*1024) // 这是接收缓冲大小
.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true) // 保持连接
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
// 3 在这里配置具体数据接收方法的处理
sc.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
}
});
// 4 进行绑定
ChannelFuture cf1 = b.bind(8888).sync();
// 5 等待关闭
cf1.channel().closeFuture().sync();
pGroup.shutdownGracefully();
cGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
ServerHandler.java
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
/**
* @ClassName ServerHandler
* @Description
* @Author 夕
* @Date 2019-11-10 18:47
* @Version V1.0
**/
public class ServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("server channel active... ");
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(req);
String body = new String(req, "utf-8");
System.out.println("Server :" + body );
String response = "进行返回给客户端的响应:" + body;
ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(response.getBytes()));
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("读完了");
ctx.flush();
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable t) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
}
}
Clinet.java
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
/**
* @ClassName Clinet
* @Description
* @Author 夕
* @Date 2019-11-10 18:47
* @Version V1.0
**/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class).handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
sc.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture cf1 = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8888).syncUninterruptibly();
// 发送消息
byte[] msg = "发送第1条测试消息".getBytes();
cf1.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(msg));
// 等待关闭
cf1.channel().closeFuture().sync();
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
ClientHandler.java
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;
/**
* @ClassName ClinetHandler
* @Description
* @Author 夕
* @Date 2019-11-10 18:47
* @Version V1.0
**/
public class ClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
try {
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(req);
String body = new String(req, "utf-8");
System.out.println("Client :" + body );
} finally {
ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
}
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
}
}
首先运行Server.java,然后再运行Client.java,结果如下: