KVO&KVC

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-14 21:09:47 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-12-14 21:09:47 发布

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分类专栏： # iOS KVO&KVC 文章标签： KVO KVC

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u014084081/article/details/38945203

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参考自：http://www.appcoda.com/understanding-key-value-observing-coding/

在实际开发中，经常有需要属性变更时，需要得到通知。可行的方式有：

重写setter方法
发通知notification

但上面的方式都比较麻烦

Key-Value Coding(KVC)

KVC是一种间接的访问对象属性的一种机制，使用字符串来标识属性，不是通过调用accessor方法，而是直接通过实例变量来访问它们

比如，我们原来通过如下的方式给某个属性赋值

self.firstname = @"John";
_firstname = @"John";

而使用KVC，可以这样实现

[self setValue:@"John" forKey:@"firstname"];

再举一个例子

[someObject.someProperty setText:@"This is a text"];

使用KVC的形式如下：

[self setValue:@"This is a text" forKeyPath:@"someObject.someProperty.text"];

KVC获取属性的值

NSLog(@"%@", [self valueForKey:@"firstname"];

使用KVC需遵守NSKeyValueCoding协议，如果继承自NSObject，由于NSObject已经实现了这个协议，就不用再实现饿了。一般会用到两个方法：

setValue:forKey:需要一个key
setValue:forKeyPath:需要一个keypath

key值的是一个单独的属性，keypath使用的是点语法，表示的是遍历对应的属性知道找到期望的属性

例如，下面的Children类：

@interface Children : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *name;

@property (nonatomic) NSUInteger age;

@end

用KVC给它的一个实例赋值：

    [self.child1 setValue:@"George" forKeyPath:@"name"];
    [self.child1 setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInteger:15] forKey:@"age"];
    NSString *childName = [self.child1 valueForKey:@"name"];
    NSUInteger childAge = [[self.child1 valueForKey:@"age"] integerValue];

修改Children类，增加一个属性：

@interface Children : NSObject

...

@property (nonatomic, strong) Children *child;

@end

给child.child赋值，使用KVC

    self.child2 = [[Children alloc] init];
    [self.child2 setValue:@"Mary" forKeyPath:@"name"];
    [self.child2 setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInteger:35] forKeyPath:@"age"];
    self.child2.child = [[Children alloc] init];
    [self.child2 setValue:@"Andrew" forKeyPath:@"child.name"];
    [self.child2 setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInteger:5] forKeyPath:@"child.age"];

Key-Value Observing

KVO有以下的标准

1.你要观察属性的类必须符合KVO标准

类要符合KVC标准
类能手动或自动的发出通知

2.要设置观察者

3.观察者实现对应的方法

一般用来观察属性值的变化，使用步骤如下：

添加观察者：observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context:
在观察者中实现此方法：observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context:
移除观察者：removeObserver: forKeyPath:

    [self.child1 addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"name" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew | NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:child1Context];
    [self.child1 addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"age" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld | NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:child1Context];
    
    [self.child1 setValue:@"Michael" forKeyPath:@"name"];
    [self.child1 setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInteger:20] forKeyPath:@"age"];
    
    [self.child2 addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"age" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew | NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:child2Context];
    [self.child2 setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInteger:45] forKeyPath:@"age"];

child1Context 和 child2Context context 为属性的唯一标识符，也可以为nil或者NULL，它们的定义如下：

static void *child1Context = &child1Context;
static void *child2Context = &child2Context;

observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context:如下：

- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context
{
    if (context == child1Context) {
        if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"name"]) {
            NSLog(@"The name of the first child was changed");
            NSLog(@"%@", change);
        }
        if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"age"]) {
            NSLog(@"The age of the first child was changed");
            NSLog(@"%@", change);
        }
    }else if(context == child2Context) {
        if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"age"]) {
            NSLog(@"The age of the second child was changed");
            NSLog(@"%@", change);
        }
    }else{
        if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"siblings"]) {
            NSLog(@"%@", change);
        }
    }
}

查看输出结果如下：

2014-08-30 15:33:15.511 KVCODemo[2419:60b] The name of the first child was changed
2014-08-30 15:33:15.512 KVCODemo[2419:60b] {
    kind = 1;
    new = Michael;
    old = George;
}
2014-08-30 15:33:15.512 KVCODemo[2419:60b] The age of the first child was changed
2014-08-30 15:33:15.513 KVCODemo[2419:60b] {
    kind = 1;
    new = 20;
    old = 15;
}
2014-08-30 15:33:15.514 KVCODemo[2419:60b] The age of the second child was changed
2014-08-30 15:33:15.514 KVCODemo[2419:60b] {
    kind = 1;
    new = 45;
    old = 35;
}

在viewWillDissapear:中移除

-(void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated{
    [super viewWillDisappear:animated];
 
    [self.child1 removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"name"];
    [self.child1 removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"age"];
    [self.child2 removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"age"];
}

Automatic and Manual Notifications 自动通知和手动通知

现在，假设我们不想在name改变时通知name的属性值已改变，该怎么做呢？可以实现automaticallyNotifiesObserverForKey:类方法，如下：

在Children类的.m文件中，实现此方法：

+ (BOOL)automaticallyNotifiesObserversForKey:(NSString *)key
{
    if ([key isEqualToString:@"name"]) {
        return NO;
    }else{
        return [super automaticallyNotifiesObserversForKey:key];
    }
}

这时查看输出结果，可以发现name属性改变通知被屏蔽：

2014-08-30 17:28:01.266 KVCODemo[2715:60b] The age of the first child was changed
2014-08-30 17:28:01.267 KVCODemo[2715:60b] {
    kind = 1;
    new = 20;
    old = 15;
}
2014-08-30 17:28:01.267 KVCODemo[2715:60b] The age of the second child was changed
2014-08-30 17:28:01.268 KVCODemo[2715:60b] {
    kind = 1;
    new = 45;
    old = 35;
}

此时，如果还想继续name属性改变的通知，可以使用手动通知：

    [self.child1 willChangeValueForKey:@"name"];
    [self.child1 setValue:@"Michael" forKeyPath:@"name"];
    [self.child1 didChangeValueForKey:@"name"];

查看输出结果：

2014-08-30 17:31:09.877 KVCODemo[2745:60b] The name of the first child was changed
2014-08-30 17:31:09.877 KVCODemo[2745:60b] {
    kind = 1;
    new = Michael;
    old = George;
}
2014-08-30 17:31:09.878 KVCODemo[2745:60b] The age of the first child was changed
2014-08-30 17:31:09.878 KVCODemo[2745:60b] {
    kind = 1;
    new = 20;
    old = 15;
}
2014-08-30 17:31:09.879 KVCODemo[2745:60b] The age of the second child was changed
2014-08-30 17:31:09.879 KVCODemo[2745:60b] {
    kind = 1;
    new = 45;
    old = 35;
}

其实通知是在didChangeValueForKey: 方法之后发出的，所以如果你不想立即发出Notification，可以在别的地方调用didChangeValueForKey: 方法

也可以在setter方法中触发，如下，可达到同样的效果：

-(void)setName:(NSString *)name{
    [self willChangeValueForKey:@"name"];
    _name = name;
    [self didChangeValueForKey:@"name"];
}

观察数组的变化

数组array不是KVC兼容的，所以处理它们与处理单个属性并不一样。

更改Children类，如下：

@interface Children : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *name;

@property (nonatomic) NSUInteger age;

@property (nonatomic, strong) Children *child;

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *siblings;

在Children.h中添加如下的方法，注意siblings与方法名中的Sibling要一致，区别只是大小写：

- (NSInteger)countOfSiblings;
- (id)objectInSiblingsAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
- (void)insertObject:(NSString *)object inSiblingsAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
- (void)removeObjectFromSiblingsAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;

具体如下：

- (NSInteger)countOfSiblings
{
    return self.siblings.count;
}

- (id)objectInSiblingsAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index
{
    return [self.siblings objectAtIndex:index];
}

- (void)insertObject:(NSString *)object inSiblingsAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index
{
    [self.siblings insertObject:object atIndex:index];
}

- (void)removeObjectFromSiblingsAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index
{
    [self.siblings removeObjectAtIndex:index];
}

对数组进行操作

    [self.child1 addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"siblings" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew | NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:nil];
    [self.child1 insertObject:@"Alex" inSiblingsAtIndex:0];
    [self.child1 insertObject:@"Bob" inSiblingsAtIndex:1];
    [self.child1 insertObject:@"Mary" inSiblingsAtIndex:2];
    [self.child1 removeObjectFromSiblingsAtIndex:1];

控制台输出结果如下：

014-08-30 17:31:09.880 KVCODemo[2745:60b] {
    indexes = "<NSIndexSet: 0x8c90e90>[number of indexes: 1 (in 1 ranges), indexes: (0)]";
    kind = 2;
    new =     (
        Alex
    );
}
2014-08-30 17:31:09.881 KVCODemo[2745:60b] {
    indexes = "<NSIndexSet: 0x8d7c650>[number of indexes: 1 (in 1 ranges), indexes: (1)]";
    kind = 2;
    new =     (
        Bob
    );
}
2014-08-30 17:31:09.881 KVCODemo[2745:60b] {
    indexes = "<NSIndexSet: 0x8d7c650>[number of indexes: 1 (in 1 ranges), indexes: (2)]";
    kind = 2;
    new =     (
        Mary
    );
}
2014-08-30 17:31:09.882 KVCODemo[2745:60b] {
    indexes = "<NSIndexSet: 0x8f729b0>[number of indexes: 1 (in 1 ranges), indexes: (1)]";
    kind = 3;
    old =     (
        Bob
    );
}

但是这样写有一个毛病，就是针对每一个数组，都要重复的写如上的方法。现在可以采用这样的方法，重新写一个类：

@interface KVCMutableArray : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *array;

-(NSUInteger)countOfArray;
- (id)objectInArrayAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
- (void)insertObject:(id)object inArrayAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
- (void)removeObjectFromArrayAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
- (void)replaceObjectInArrayAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(id)object;

@end

@implementation KVCMutableArray

- (instancetype)init
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        self.array = [[NSMutableArray array] init];
    }
    return self;
}

- (NSUInteger)countOfArray
{
    return self.array.count;
}

- (id)objectInArrayAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index
{
    return [self.array objectAtIndex:index];
}

- (void)insertObject:(id)object inArrayAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index
{
    [self.array insertObject:object atIndex:index];
}

- (void)removeObjectFromArrayAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index
{
    [self.array removeObjectAtIndex:index];
}

- (void)replaceObjectInArrayAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(id)object
{
    [self.array replaceObjectAtIndex:index withObject:object];
}

@end

使用时如下：

@interface Children : NSObject

...

@property (nonatomic, strong) KVCMutableArray *cousins;

@end

    [self.child1 addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"cousins.array" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew | NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:nil];

-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context{

    ...
    else{
        ...

        if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"cousins.array"]) {
            NSLog(@"%@", change);
        }
    }
}