canvas - 基础知识 - 绘制时钟程序

在时钟的绘制中,主要用到canvas绘图API:

arc()

beginPath()

clearRect()

fill()

fillText()

lineTo()

moveTo()

stroke()

效果图如下:

页面代码如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>A Simple Canvas Example</title>

<style>

body {

background: #ddd;

}

#canvas {

margin: 10px;

padding: 10px;

background: #fff;

border: thin inset #aaa;

/* width: 600px;

height: 300px; */

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<!-- <canvas id="canvas">

canvas not supported

</canvas> -->

<canvas id="canvas" width="600" height="600">

canvas not supported

</canvas>

<script src="clock.js"></script>

</body>

</html>

 

逻辑代码:

var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas'),

context = canvas.getContext('2d'),

FONT_HEIGHT = 15,

MARGIN = 35,

HAND_TRUNCTION = canvas.width/25,

HOUR_HAND_TRUNCTION = canvas.width/10,

NUMERAL_SPACING = 20,

RADIUS = canvas.width/2 - MARGIN,

HAND_RADIUS = RADIUS + NUMERAL_SPACING;

 

// functions....

 

function drawCircle() {

context.beginPath();

// var width = canvas.width >= canvas.height ? canvas.height : canvas.width

// context.arc(width/2, width/2, RADIUS, 0 , Math.PI*2, true);

context.arc(canvas.width/2, canvas.height/2, RADIUS, 0 , Math.PI*2, true);

context.stroke();

}

 

function drawNumerals() {

var numerals = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12],

angle = 0,

numeralWidth = 0;

numerals.forEach(function(numeral){

angle = Math.PI/6 * (numeral - 3);

numeralWidth = context.measureText(numeral).width;

context.fillText(numeral, canvas.width/2 + Math.cos(angle)*(HAND_RADIUS) -

numeralWidth/2, canvas.height/2 + Math.sin(angle)*(HAND_RADIUS)+FONT_HEIGHT/3);

});

}

function drawCenter() {

context.beginPath();

context.arc(canvas.width/2, canvas.height/2, 5, 0, Math.PI*2, true);

context.fill();

}

 

function drawHand(loc, isHour) {

var angle = (Math.PI*2) * (loc/60) - Math.PI/2,

handRadius = isHour ? RADIUS - HAND_TRUNCTION - HOUR_HAND_TRUNCTION : RADIUS - HAND_TRUNCTION;

context.moveTo(canvas.width/2, canvas.height/2);

context.lineTo(canvas.width/2 + Math.cos(angle)*handRadius,canvas.height/2+Math.sin(angle)*handRadius);

context.stroke();

}

 

function drawHands() {

var date = new Date,

hour = date.getHours();

 

hour = hour > 12 ? hour - 12 : hour ;

drawHand(hour*5 + (date.getMinutes()/60)*5, true, 0.5);

drawHand(date.getMinutes(), false, 0.5);

drawHand(date.getSeconds(), false, 0.2);

}

 

function drawClock() {

context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);

drawCircle();

drawCenter();

drawHands();

drawNumerals();

}

 

// Initialization。。。

 

context.font = FONT_HEIGHT + 'px Arial';

loop = setInterval(drawClock, 1000)

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