用户态mmap最终会调用kernel 系统调用,
SYSCALL_DEFINE6(mmap_pgoff, unsigned long, addr, unsigned long, len,
unsigned long, prot, unsigned long, flags,
unsigned long, fd, unsigned long, pgoff)
接下来分析下函数实现过程。
SYSCALL_DEFINE6(mmap_pgoff, unsigned long, addr, unsigned long, len,
unsigned long, prot, unsigned long, flags,
unsigned long, fd, unsigned long, pgoff)
{
struct file *file = NULL;
unsigned long retval = -EBADF;
if (!(flags & MAP_ANONYMOUS)) {//非匿名映射,文件映射到用户进程
audit_mmap_fd(fd, flags);
if (unlikely(flags & MAP_HUGETLB))
return -EINVAL;
file = fget(fd);//通过fd获取file,从而获取inode信息,关联磁盘文件,后面关闭fd,仍然可以用mmap操作
if (!file)
goto out;
if (is_file_hugepages(file))
len = ALIGN(len, huge_page_size(hstate_file(file)));
} else if (flags & MAP_HUGETLB) {
struct user_struct *user = NULL;
struct hstate *hs = hstate_sizelog((flags >> MAP_HUGE_SHIFT) &
SHM_HUGE_MASK);
if (!hs)
return -EINVAL;
len = ALIGN(len, huge_page_size(hs));
/*
* VM_NORESERVE is used because the reservations will be
* taken when vm_ops->mmap() is called
* A dummy user value is used because we are not locking
* memory so no accounting is necessary
*/
file = hugetlb_file_setup(HUGETLB_ANON_FILE, len,
VM_NORESERVE,
&user, HUGETLB_ANONHUGE_INODE,
(flags >> MAP_HUGE_SHIFT) & MAP_HUGE_MASK);
if (IS_ERR(file))
return PTR_ERR(file);
}
flags &= ~(MAP_EXECUTABLE | MAP_DENYWRITE);
retval = vm_mmap_pgoff(file, addr, len, prot, flags, pgoff);
if (file)
fput(file);
out:
return retval;
}
//做完安全权限检查,调用主要实现函数do_mmap_pgoff
unsigned long vm_mmap_pgoff(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long len, unsigned long prot,
unsigned long flag, unsigned long pgoff)
{
unsigned long ret;
struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
unsigned long populate;
//映射权限检查
ret = security_mmap_file(file, prot, flag);
if (!ret) {
down_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
ret = do_mmap_pgoff(file, addr, len, prot, flag, pgoff,
&populate);
up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
if (populate)
mm_populate(ret, populate);
}
return ret;
}
//首先检查能否得到一个vma,满足需要len的映射,之后对文件映射检查
//文件属性跟mmap映射属性是否匹配,最后再调用mmap_region
unsigned long do_mmap_pgoff(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long len, unsigned long prot,
unsigned long flags, unsigned long pgoff,
unsigned long *populate)
{
struct mm_struct * mm = current->mm;
struct inode *inode;
vm_flags_t vm_flags;
*populate = 0;
/*
* Does the application expect PROT_READ to imply PROT_EXEC?
*
* (the exception is when the underlying filesystem is noexec
* mounted, in which case we dont add PROT_EXEC.)
*/
if ((prot & PROT_READ) && (current->personality & READ_IMPLIES_EXEC))
if (!(file && (file->f_path.mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_NOEXEC)))
prot |= PROT_EXEC;
if (!len)
return -EINVAL;
if (!(flags & MAP_FIXED))//MAP_FIXED时判断输入的欲映射的起始地址是否小于最小映射地址
addr = round_hint_to_min(addr);
/* Careful about overflows.. */
//len page对齐
len = PAGE_ALIGN(len);
if (!len)
return -ENOMEM;
/* offset overflow? */
//是否溢出
if ((pgoff + (len >> PAGE_SHIFT)) < pgoff)
return -EOVERFLOW;
/* Too many mappings? */
if (mm->map_count > sysctl_max_map_count)
return -ENOMEM;
/* Obtain the address to map to. we verify (or select) it and ensure
* that it represents a valid section of the address space.
*/
//获取未映射的vma
addr = get_unmapped_area(file, addr, len, pgoff, flags);
if (addr & ~PAGE_MASK)
return addr;
/* Do simple checking here so the lower-level routines won't have
* to. we assume access permissions have been handled by the open
* of the memory object, so we don't do any here.
*/
vm_flags = calc_vm_prot_bits(prot) | calc_vm_flag_bits(flags) |
mm->def_flags | VM_MAYREAD | VM_MAYWRITE | VM_MAYEXEC;
if (flags & MAP_LOCKED)
if (!can_do_mlock())
return -EPERM;
/* mlock MCL_FUTURE? */
if (vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) {
unsigned long locked, lock_limit;
locked = len >> PAGE_SHIFT;
locked += mm->locked_vm;
lock_limit = rlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK);
lock_limit >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
if (locked > lock_limit && !capable(CAP_IPC_LOCK))
return -EAGAIN;
}
//文件或者是匿名映射
inode = file ? file_inode(file) : NULL;
if (file) {
switch (flags & MAP_TYPE) {
case MAP_SHARED:
if ((prot&PROT_WRITE) && !(file->f_mode&FMODE_WRITE))//权限检查,文件属性不可写,但是映射属性为wirte,返回错误
return -EACCES;
/*
* Make sure we don't allow writing to an append-only
* file..
*/
//不能往只能追加的文件写
if (IS_APPEND(inode) && (file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
return -EACCES;
/*
* Make sure there are no mandatory locks on the file.
*/
//确保文件没有被锁定
if (locks_verify_locked(inode))
return -EAGAIN;
vm_flags |= VM_SHARED | VM_MAYSHARE;
if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
vm_flags &= ~(VM_MAYWRITE | VM_SHARED);
/* fall through */
case MAP_PRIVATE:
//文件不可读会报错
if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
return -EACCES;
if (file->f_path.mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_NOEXEC) {
if (vm_flags & VM_EXEC)
return -EPERM;
vm_flags &= ~VM_MAYEXEC;
}
if (!file->f_op || !file->f_op->mmap)
return -ENODEV;
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
} else {
switch (flags & MAP_TYPE) {
case MAP_SHARED:
/*
* Ignore pgoff.
*/
pgoff = 0;
vm_flags |= VM_SHARED | VM_MAYSHARE;
break;
case MAP_PRIVATE:
/*
* Set pgoff according to addr for anon_vma.
*/
pgoff = addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
}
/*
* Set 'VM_NORESERVE' if we should not account for the
* memory use of this mapping.
*/
if (flags & MAP_NORESERVE) {
/* We honor MAP_NORESERVE if allowed to overcommit */
if (sysctl_overcommit_memory != OVERCOMMIT_NEVER)
vm_flags |= VM_NORESERVE;
/* hugetlb applies strict overcommit unless MAP_NORESERVE */
if (file && is_file_hugepages(file))
vm_flags |= VM_NORESERVE;
}
addr = mmap_region(file, addr, len, vm_flags, pgoff);
if (!IS_ERR_VALUE(addr) &&
((vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) ||
(flags & (MAP_POPULATE | MAP_NONBLOCK)) == MAP_POPULATE))
*populate = len;
return addr;
}
/*
先检查vma分配后是否超过进程限制,之后在rb tree中查找满足本次申请条件vma的前驱vma区,
如果两个vma能合并就合并成一个,否则将新申请的vma插入rb tree中。
在这整个过程中,我们看到只有vma的申请和磁盘文件的关联,
物理地址的分配在缺页中断中进行,最后磁盘文件的调页由文件系统进行。
*/
unsigned long mmap_region(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long len, vm_flags_t vm_flags, unsigned long pgoff)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
struct vm_area_struct *vma, *prev;
int correct_wcount = 0;
int error;
struct rb_node **rb_link, *rb_parent;
unsigned long charged = 0;
struct inode *inode = file ? file_inode(file) : NULL;
/* Check against address space limit. */
//检查分配vma后是否会超过进程的限制,0表示超过资源限制
if (!may_expand_vm(mm, len >> PAGE_SHIFT)) {
unsigned long nr_pages;
/*
* MAP_FIXED may remove pages of mappings that intersects with
* requested mapping. Account for the pages it would unmap.
*/
//如果是MAP_FIXED的话,可以删除跟申请地址有交叉的映射来满足要求
if (!(vm_flags & MAP_FIXED))
return -ENOMEM;
nr_pages = count_vma_pages_range(mm, addr, addr + len);
if (!may_expand_vm(mm, (len >> PAGE_SHIFT) - nr_pages))
return -ENOMEM;
}
/* Clear old maps */
error = -ENOMEM;
munmap_back:
//查找最靠近申请区的vma
if (find_vma_links(mm, addr, addr + len, &prev, &rb_link, &rb_parent)) {
if (do_munmap(mm, addr, len))
return -ENOMEM;
goto munmap_back;
}
/*
* Private writable mapping: check memory availability
*/
if (accountable_mapping(file, vm_flags)) {
charged = len >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (security_vm_enough_memory_mm(mm, charged))
return -ENOMEM;
vm_flags |= VM_ACCOUNT;
}
/*
* Can we just expand an old mapping?
*/
//当前要申请的vma能否跟已经存在prev vma合并
vma = vma_merge(mm, prev, addr, addr + len, vm_flags, NULL, file, pgoff,
NULL, NULL);
if (vma)
goto out;
/*
* Determine the object being mapped and call the appropriate
* specific mapper. the address has already been validated, but
* not unmapped, but the maps are removed from the list.
*/
//如果没法合并新申请一个vma,然后插入mm vma list中
vma = kmem_cache_zalloc(vm_area_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!vma) {
error = -ENOMEM;
goto unacct_error;
}
vma->vm_mm = mm;
vma->vm_start = addr;
vma->vm_end = addr + len;
vma->vm_flags = vm_flags;
vma->vm_page_prot = vm_get_page_prot(vm_flags);
vma->vm_pgoff = pgoff;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vma->anon_vma_chain);
error = -EINVAL; /* when rejecting VM_GROWSDOWN|VM_GROWSUP */
if (file) {//文件映射
if (vm_flags & (VM_GROWSDOWN|VM_GROWSUP))//文件映射的区间不能增长,因此跳转到free_vma
goto free_vma;
if (vm_flags & VM_DENYWRITE) {//不允许通过常规文件操作访问文件,i_writecount减1
error = deny_write_access(file);
if (error)
goto free_vma;
correct_wcount = 1;
}
vma->vm_file = get_file(file);//获取vma 映射的文件
error = file->f_op->mmap(file, vma);//fs mmap
if (error)
goto unmap_and_free_vma;
/* Can addr have changed??
*
* Answer: Yes, several device drivers can do it in their
* f_op->mmap method. -DaveM
* Bug: If addr is changed, prev, rb_link, rb_parent should
* be updated for vma_link()
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(addr != vma->vm_start);
addr = vma->vm_start;
pgoff = vma->vm_pgoff;
vm_flags = vma->vm_flags;
} else if (vm_flags & VM_SHARED) {
if (unlikely(vm_flags & (VM_GROWSDOWN|VM_GROWSUP)))
goto free_vma;
error = shmem_zero_setup(vma);
if (error)
goto free_vma;
}
if (vma_wants_writenotify(vma)) {
pgprot_t pprot = vma->vm_page_prot;
/* Can vma->vm_page_prot have changed??
*
* Answer: Yes, drivers may have changed it in their
* f_op->mmap method.
*
* Ensures that vmas marked as uncached stay that way.
*/
vma->vm_page_prot = vm_get_page_prot(vm_flags & ~VM_SHARED);
if (pgprot_val(pprot) == pgprot_val(pgprot_noncached(pprot)))
vma->vm_page_prot = pgprot_noncached(vma->vm_page_prot);
}
//vma 插入rb tree
vma_link(mm, vma, prev, rb_link, rb_parent);
file = vma->vm_file;
/* Once vma denies write, undo our temporary denial count */
if (correct_wcount)
atomic_inc(&inode->i_writecount);
out:
perf_event_mmap(vma);
vm_stat_account(mm, vm_flags, file, len >> PAGE_SHIFT);
if (vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) {
if (!((vm_flags & VM_SPECIAL) || is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma) ||
vma == get_gate_vma(current->mm)))
mm->locked_vm += (len >> PAGE_SHIFT);
else
vma->vm_flags &= ~VM_LOCKED;
}
if (file)
uprobe_mmap(vma);
return addr;
unmap_and_free_vma:
if (correct_wcount)
atomic_inc(&inode->i_writecount);
vma->vm_file = NULL;
fput(file);
/* Undo any partial mapping done by a device driver. */
unmap_region(mm, vma, prev, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end);
charged = 0;
free_vma:
kmem_cache_free(vm_area_cachep, vma);
unacct_error:
if (charged)
vm_unacct_memory(charged);
return error;
}