sscanf and sprintf使用简单样例

sscanf 是用于解析字符串的，而sprintf是用于拼装字符串的，下面是两个函数接口使用的简单样例:
for sscanf

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
    int type;
    int mid;
    char *str = "80200020:10201234";

    sscanf(str, "%x:%x", &type, &mid);

    printf("type:%x, mid:%x\n", type, mid);

    return 0;
}

run result:

type:80200020, mid:10201234

for sprintf

void sprintf_test()
{
    short int type = 0x8001;
    short int mid  = 0x0021;
    char message[9] = {0};

    sprintf(message, "%hx%hx", type, 0x1021);

    printf("message is %s\n", message);

}

run result:

message is 80011021

下面是sscanf的man 手册，可以参考一下下面的使用方法。
SCANF(3) Linux Programmer’s Manual SCANF(3)

NAME
scanf, fscanf, sscanf, vscanf, vsscanf, vfscanf - input format conversion

SYNOPSIS
#include <stdio.h>

   int scanf(const char *format, ...);
   int fscanf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);
   int sscanf(const char *str, const char *format, ...);

   #include <stdarg.h>

   int vscanf(const char *format, va_list ap);
   int vsscanf(const char *str, const char *format, va_list ap);
   int vfscanf(FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list ap);

Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

   vscanf(), vsscanf(), vfscanf():
       _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L

DESCRIPTION
The scanf() family of functions scans input according to format as described below. This
format may contain conversion specifications; the results from such conversions, if any,
are stored in the locations pointed to by the pointer arguments that follow format. Each
pointer argument must be of a type that is appropriate for the value returned by the corre‐
sponding conversion specification.

   If  the  number  of conversion specifications in format exceeds the number of pointer argu‐
   ments, the results are undefined.  If the number of pointer arguments exceeds the number of
   conversion  specifications, then the excess pointer arguments are evaluated, but are other‐
   wise ignored.

   The scanf() function reads input from the standard input stream stdin, fscanf() reads input
   from  the  stream  pointer  stream,  and sscanf() reads its input from the character string
   pointed to by str.

   The vfscanf() function is analogous to vfprintf(3) and reads input from the stream  pointer
   stream  using  a  variable argument list of pointers (see stdarg(3).  The vscanf() function
   scans a variable argument list from the standard input and the vsscanf() function scans  it
   from  a  string;  these  are  analogous to the vprintf(3) and vsprintf(3) functions respec‐
   tively.

   The format string consists of a sequence of directives which describe how  to  process  the
   sequence  of  input  characters.   If  processing of a directive fails, no further input is
   read, and scanf() returns.  A "failure" can be either  of  the  following:  input  failure,
   meaning that input characters were unavailable, or matching failure, meaning that the input
   was inappropriate (see below).

   A directive is one of the following:

   ·      A sequence of white-space characters (space, tab, newline,  etc.;  see  isspace(3)).
          This directive matches any amount of white space, including none, in the input.

   ·      An  ordinary  character  (i.e.,  one other than white space or '%').  This character
          must exactly match the next character of input.

   ·      A conversion specification, which commences  with  a  '%'  (percent)  character.   A
          sequence  of characters from the input is converted according to this specification,
          and the result is placed in the corresponding pointer argument.  If the next item of
          input  does  not  match the conversion specification, the conversion fails—this is a
          matching failure.

   Each conversion specification in format begins with either the character '%' or the charac‐
   ter sequence "%n$" (see below for the distinction) followed by:

   ·      An optional '*' assignment-suppression character: scanf() reads input as directed by
          the conversion specification, but discards  the  input.   No  corresponding  pointer
          argument  is  required,  and this specification is not included in the count of suc‐
          cessful assignments returned by scanf().

   ·      For decimal conversions, an optional quote character (').  This specifies  that  the
          input number may include thousands' separators as defined by the LC_NUMERIC category
          of the current locale.  (See setlocale(3).)  The quote character may precede or fol‐
          low the '*' assignment-suppression character.

   ·      An  optional  'm' character.  This is used with string conversions (%s, %c, %[), and
          relieves the caller of the need to allocate  a  corresponding  buffer  to  hold  the
          input:  instead,  scanf()  allocates  a  buffer  of sufficient size, and assigns the
          address of this buffer to the corresponding pointer  argument,  which  should  be  a
          pointer  to  a char * variable (this variable does not need to be initialized before
          the call).  The caller should subsequently free(3) this buffer when it is no  longer
          required.

   ·      An  optional  decimal  integer  which specifies the maximum field width.  Reading of
          characters stops either when this maximum is reached or when a nonmatching character
          is  found,  whichever  happens  first.  Most conversions discard initial white space
          characters (the exceptions are noted below), and these  discarded  characters  don't
          count  toward the maximum field width.  String input conversions store a terminating
          null byte ('\0') to mark the end of the input; the  maximum  field  width  does  not
          include this terminator.

   ·      An  optional type modifier character.  For example, the l type modifier is used with
          integer conversions such as %d to specify that the  corresponding  pointer  argument
          refers to a long int rather than a pointer to an int.

   ·      A conversion specifier that specifies the type of input conversion to be performed.

   The  conversion  specifications  in  format  are of two forms, either beginning with '%' or
   beginning with "%n$".  The two forms should not be mixed in the same format string,  except
   that  a  string  containing "%n$" specifications can include %% and %*.  If format contains
   '%' specifications, then these correspond in order with successive pointer  arguments.   In
   the  "%n$"  form  (which is specified in POSIX.1-2001, but not C99), n is a decimal integer
   that specifies that the converted input should be placed in the location referred to by the
   n-th pointer argument following format.

Conversions
The following type modifier characters can appear in a conversion specification:

   h      Indicates  that  the  conversion  will be one of d, i, o, u, x, X, or n and the next
          pointer is a pointer to a short int or unsigned short int (rather than int).

   hh     As for h, but the next pointer is a pointer to a signed char or unsigned char.

   j      As for h, but the next pointer is a pointer to an intmax_t  or  a  uintmax_t.   This
          modifier was introduced in C99.

   l      Indicates  either  that the conversion will be one of d, i, o, u, x, X, or n and the
          next pointer is a pointer to a long int or unsigned long int (rather than  int),  or
          that  the  conversion will be one of e, f, or g and the next pointer is a pointer to
          double (rather than float).  Specifying two l characters is  equivalent  to  L.   If
          used with %c or %s, the corresponding parameter is considered as a pointer to a wide
          character or wide-character string respectively.

   L      Indicates that the conversion will be either e, f, or g and the next  pointer  is  a
          pointer  to  long  double  or  the  conversion will be d, i, o, u, or x and the next
          pointer is a pointer to long long.

   q      equivalent to L.  This specifier does not exist in ANSI C.

   t      As for h, but the next pointer is a pointer  to  a  ptrdiff_t.   This  modifier  was
          introduced in C99.

   z      As  for  h, but the next pointer is a pointer to a size_t.  This modifier was intro‐
          duced in C99.

   The following conversion specifiers are available:

   %      Matches a literal '%'.  That is, %% in the format string matches a single input  '%'
          character.   No  conversion  is  done  (but  initial white space characters are dis‐
          carded), and assignment does not occur.

   d      Matches an optionally signed decimal integer; the next pointer must be a pointer  to
          int.

   D      Equivalent  to ld; this exists only for backward compatibility.  (Note: thus only in
          libc4.  In libc5 and glibc the %D is silently ignored, causing old programs to  fail
          mysteriously.)

   i      Matches  an  optionally  signed  integer; the next pointer must be a pointer to int.
          The integer is read in base 16 if it begins with 0x or 0X, in base 8  if  it  begins
          with  0,  and in base 10 otherwise.  Only characters that correspond to the base are
          used.

   o      Matches an unsigned octal integer; the next pointer must be a  pointer  to  unsigned
          int.

   u      Matches  an unsigned decimal integer; the next pointer must be a pointer to unsigned
          int.

   x      Matches an unsigned hexadecimal integer; the next  pointer  must  be  a  pointer  to
          unsigned int.

   X      Equivalent to x.

   f      Matches  an  optionally  signed  floating-point  number;  the next pointer must be a
          pointer to float.

   e      Equivalent to f.

   g      Equivalent to f.

   E      Equivalent to f.

   a      (C99) Equivalent to f.

   s      Matches a sequence of non-white-space characters; the next pointer must be a pointer
          to  the  initial  element of a character array that is long enough to hold the input
          sequence and the terminating null byte ('\0'), which is  added  automatically.   The
          input  string  stops  at white space or at the maximum field width, whichever occurs
          first.

   c      Matches a sequence of characters whose length is  specified  by  the  maximum  field
          width  (default  1);  the  next pointer must be a pointer to char, and there must be
          enough room for all the characters (no terminating null byte is added).   The  usual
          skip  of  leading  white  space  is  suppressed.   To skip white space first, use an
          explicit space in the format.

   [      Matches a nonempty sequence of characters from the specified set of accepted charac‐
          ters;  the next pointer must be a pointer to char, and there must be enough room for
          all the characters in the string, plus a terminating null byte.  The usual  skip  of
          leading white space is suppressed.  The string is to be made up of characters in (or
          not in) a particular set; the set is defined by  the  characters  between  the  open
          bracket [ character and a close bracket ] character.  The set excludes those charac‐
          ters if the first character after the open bracket is a circumflex (^).  To  include
          a  close  bracket  in the set, make it the first character after the open bracket or
          the circumflex; any other position will end the set.  The hyphen character - is also
          special;  when  placed between two other characters, it adds all intervening charac‐
          ters to the set.  To include a hyphen, make it the last character before  the  final
          close  bracket.   For  instance,  [^]0-9-]  means  the  set "everything except close
          bracket, zero through nine, and hyphen".  The string ends with the appearance  of  a
          character  not  in  the (or, with a circumflex, in) set or when the field width runs
          out.

   p      Matches a pointer value (as printed by %p in printf(3); the next pointer must  be  a
          pointer to a pointer to void.

   n      Nothing  is  expected;  instead, the number of characters consumed thus far from the
          input is stored through the next pointer, which must be a pointer to int.   This  is
          not  a  conversion  and  does  not increase the count returned by the function.  The
          assignment can be suppressed with the * assignment-suppression  character,  but  the
          effect  on  the  return value is undefined.  Therefore %*n conversions should not be
          used.

RETURN VALUE
On success, these functions return the number of input items successfully matched and
assigned; this can be fewer than provided for, or even zero, in the event of an early
matching failure.

   The value EOF is returned if the end of input is reached before either the first successful
   conversion  or  a matching failure occurs.  EOF is also returned if a read error occurs, in
   which case the error indicator for the stream (see ferror(3)) is set, and errno is  set  to
   indicate the error.

ERRORS
EAGAIN The file descriptor underlying stream is marked nonblocking, and the read operation
would block.

   EBADF  The file descriptor underlying stream is invalid, or not open for reading.

   EILSEQ Input byte sequence does not form a valid character.

   EINTR  The read operation was interrupted by a signal; see signal(7).

   EINVAL Not enough arguments; or format is NULL.

   ENOMEM Out of memory.

   ERANGE The result of an integer conversion would exceed the size that can be stored in  the
          corresponding integer type.

ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).

   ┌─────────────────────┬───────────────┬────────────────┐
   │Interface            │ Attribute     │ Value          │
   ├─────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────┤
   │scanf(), fscanf(),   │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe locale │
   │sscanf(), vscanf(),  │               │                │
   │vsscanf(), vfscanf() │               │                │
   └─────────────────────┴───────────────┴────────────────┘

CONFORMING TO
The functions fscanf(), scanf(), and sscanf() conform to C89 and C99 and POSIX.1-2001.
These standards do not specify the ERANGE error.

   The q specifier is the 4.4BSD notation for long long, while ll or the usage of L in integer
   conversions is the GNU notation.

   The Linux version of these functions is based on the GNU libio library.  Take a look at the
   info documentation of GNU libc (glibc-1.08) for a more concise description.

NOTES
The ‘a’ assignment-allocation modifier
Originally, the GNU C library supported dynamic allocation for string inputs (as a nonstan‐
dard extension) via the a character. (This feature is present at least as far back as
glibc 2.0.) Thus, one could write the following to have scanf() allocate a buffer for an
input string, with a pointer to that buffer being returned in *buf:

       char *buf;
       scanf("%as", &buf);

   The  use of the letter a for this purpose was problematic, since a is also specified by the
   ISO C standard as a synonym for f (floating-point input).  POSIX.1-2008  instead  specifies
   the m modifier for assignment allocation (as documented in DESCRIPTION, above).

   Note  that  the a modifier is not available if the program is compiled with gcc -std=c99 or
   gcc -D_ISOC99_SOURCE (unless _GNU_SOURCE is also specified), in which case the a is  inter‐
   preted as a specifier for floating-point numbers (see above).

   Support  for  the m modifier was added to glibc starting with version 2.7, and new programs
   should use that modifier instead of a.

   As well as being standardized by POSIX, the m modifier has the following further advantages
   over the use of a:

   * It may also be applied to %c conversion specifiers (e.g., %3mc).

   * It  avoids  ambiguity  with respect to the %a floating-point conversion specifier (and is
     unaffected by gcc -std=c99 etc.).

BUGS
All functions are fully C89 conformant, but provide the additional specifiers q and a as
well as an additional behavior of the L and l specifiers. The latter may be considered to
be a bug, as it changes the behavior of specifiers defined in C89.

   Some combinations of the type modifiers and conversion specifiers defined by ANSI C do  not
   make  sense  (e.g.,  %Ld).  While they may have a well-defined behavior on Linux, this need
   not to be so on other architectures.  Therefore it usually is better to use modifiers  that
   are  not defined by ANSI C at all, that is, use q instead of L in combination with d, i, o,
   u, x, and X conversions or ll.

   The usage of q is not the same as on 4.4BSD, as it may be used in float conversions equiva‐
   lently to L.

EXAMPLE
To use the dynamic allocation conversion specifier, specify m as a length modifier (thus
%ms or %m[range]). The caller must free(3) the returned string, as in the following exam‐
ple:

       char *p;
       int n;

       errno = 0;
       n = scanf("%m[a-z]", &p);
       if (n == 1) {
           printf("read: %s\n", p);
           free(p);
       } else if (errno != 0) {
           perror("scanf");
       } else {
           fprintf(stderr, "No matching characters\n");
       }

   As  shown  in  the  above example, it is necessary to call free(3) only if the scanf() call
   successfully read a string.

SEE ALSO
getc(3), printf(3), setlocale(3), strtod(3), strtol(3), strtoul(3)

COLOPHON
This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the
project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be
found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

GNU 2017-09-15 SCANF(3)