linux级联中断控制器的处理流程

本篇文章是通过学习韦东山老师的中断子系统相关章节而成。

1. 下级中断控制器的类别

在后续课程中我们把GIC之下的中断控制器分为两类：链式(chained)、层级(hierarchy)。
这个分类并没有官方定义，是我们根据代码概括出来的(Linux内核本来就缺乏文档)。

1.1 链式中断控制器(chained)

上图中，左边的"chained intc"就是链式中断控制器。
它底下的4个中断触发时，都会导致GIC的33号中断被触发。
处理中断时，需要分辨：是谁触发了GIC 33号中断？这需要读取"chained intc"中的寄存器。

1.2 层级中断控制器(hierarchy)

上图中，右边边的"hierarchy intc"就是层级中断控制器。
它底下的4个中断，跟GIC中的4个中断一一对应。
处理GIC 100~103号中断时，不需要读取"hierarchy intc"的寄存器来分辨是谁触发了中断。

2. 链式(chained)中断控制器的处理流程

下图中：

• handleA、irq_dataA均由GIC驱动提供
• handleB、irq_dataB由GPIO驱动提供，irq_dataA则由GIC提供
• handleC由GPIO驱动提供
  
• 假设GPIO模块下有4个引脚，都可以产生中断，都连接到GIC的33号中断
• GPIO就是一个链式中断控制器，它底下有4个中断
• 对于GPIO模块中0~3这四个hwirq，分配四个irq_desc
• 可以一下子分配4个：legacy，老方法
• 也可以用到时再分配：linear，新方法
• 假设这4个irq_desc的序号为100~103，在GPIO domain中记录(0,100) (1,101)(2,102) (3,103)
• 对于KEY，注册中断时就是：request_irq(102, ...)
• 按下KEY时：
• 程序从GIC中读取寄存器知道发生了33号中断，通过GIC irq_domain可以知道virq为17
• 处理virq 17号中断：调用irq_desc[17].handle_irq，即handleB
  • mask/ack中断: 调用irq_desc[17].irq_data->irq_chip的函数，即irq_dataA
  • 分辨中断源、处理
    • 读取GPIO寄存器，确定是GPIO里2号引脚发生中断
    • 通过GPIO irq_domain可以知道virq为102
    • 处理virq 102号中断：调用irq_desc[102].handle_irq，即handleC
      • mask/ack中断: 调用irq_desc[102].irq_data->irq_chip的函数
      • 调用irq_desc[102].action链表中用户注册的函数（通过request_irq注册）
      • unmask中断: 调用irq_desc[102].irq_data->irq_chip的函数
  • unmask中断: 调用irq_desc[17].irq_data->irq_chip的函数

3. 层级(hierarchy)中断控制器的处理流程

下图中：

• handleA、irq_dataA均由GIC驱动提供
• irq_dataB由GPIO驱动提供，不需要handleB
  
• 假设GPIO模块下有4个引脚，都可以产生中断，分别链接到GIC的100~103号中断
• GPIO就是一个层级中断控制器
• 对于GPIO模块中0~3这四个hwirq，分配四个irq_desc，用到时再分配
• 假设这4个irq_desc的序号（virq）为234~237
• 在GIC domain中记录(100,234) (101,235)(102,236) (103,237)
• 在GPIO domain中记录(0,234) (1,235)(2,236) (3,237)
• 对于KEY，注册中断时就是：request_irq(236, ...)
• 按下KEY时：
• 程序从GIC中读取寄存器知道发生了102号中断，通过GIC irq_domain可以知道virq为236
• 处理virq 236号中断：调用irq_desc[236].handle_irq，即handleA
  • mask/ack中断:
    • 调用irq_desc[236].irq_data->irq_chip的函数，即irq_dataB
      • 它会调用父级irq_dataA->irq_chip的函数
  • 调用irq_desc[236].action链表中用户注册的函数
  • unmask中断:
    • 调用irq_desc[236].irq_data->irq_chip的函数，即irq_dataB
      • 它会调用父级irq_dataA->irq_chip的函数

4. 处理流程对比

4.1 chain的中断控制器级联方式：

• 通过chain这种级联方式的中断对应关系为（N:1）
• chain这种方式的中断控制器需要分别当前触发的中断的中断源是谁
• chain方式和上级中断控制器链接的中断控制器的handler是由当前的中断控制器驱动提供，但是irq_data是由上级的中断控制器驱动程序提供。

4.2 hierarchy的中断控制器级联方式：

• 当前中断控制器的中断对应关系为（1：1）
• 当触发中断时所提供的中断控制器的handler是由当前中断控制器的驱动程序提供
• irq的mask/ack以及unmask采用一次访问父节点中断控制器irq_data的方式去处理的。

5 关键数据结构

5.1 irq_domain

/**
 * struct irq_domain - Hardware interrupt number translation object
 * @link: Element in global irq_domain list.
 * @name: Name of interrupt domain
 * @ops: pointer to irq_domain methods
 * @host_data: private data pointer for use by owner.  Not touched by irq_domain
 *             core code.
 * @flags: host per irq_domain flags
 * @mapcount: The number of mapped interrupts
 *
 * Optional elements
 * @fwnode: Pointer to firmware node associated with the irq_domain. Pretty easy
 *          to swap it for the of_node via the irq_domain_get_of_node accessor
 * @gc: Pointer to a list of generic chips. There is a helper function for
 *      setting up one or more generic chips for interrupt controllers
 *      drivers using the generic chip library which uses this pointer.
 * @parent: Pointer to parent irq_domain to support hierarchy irq_domains
 * @debugfs_file: dentry for the domain debugfs file
 *
 * Revmap data, used internally by irq_domain
 * @revmap_direct_max_irq: The largest hwirq that can be set for controllers that
 *                         support direct mapping
 * @revmap_size: Size of the linear map table @linear_revmap[]
 * @revmap_tree: Radix map tree for hwirqs that don't fit in the linear map
 * @linear_revmap: Linear table of hwirq->virq reverse mappings
 */
struct irq_domain {
        struct list_head link;
        const char *name;
        const struct irq_domain_ops *ops;
        void *host_data;
        unsigned int flags;
        unsigned int mapcount;

        /* Optional data */
        struct fwnode_handle *fwnode;
        enum irq_domain_bus_token bus_token;
        struct irq_domain_chip_generic *gc;
#ifdef  CONFIG_IRQ_DOMAIN_HIERARCHY
        struct irq_domain *parent;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_IRQ_DEBUGFS
        struct dentry           *debugfs_file;
#endif

        /* reverse map data. The linear map gets appended to the irq_domain */
        irq_hw_number_t hwirq_max;
        unsigned int revmap_direct_max_irq;
        unsigned int revmap_size;
        struct radix_tree_root revmap_tree;
        struct mutex revmap_tree_mutex;
        unsigned int linear_revmap[];
};

5.1 irq_desc

/**
 * struct irq_desc - interrupt descriptor
 * @irq_common_data:    per irq and chip data passed down to chip functions
 * @kstat_irqs:         irq stats per cpu
 * @handle_irq:         highlevel irq-events handler
 * @preflow_handler:    handler called before the flow handler (currently used by sparc)
 * @action:             the irq action chain
 * @status:             status information
 * @core_internal_state__do_not_mess_with_it: core internal status information
 * @depth:              disable-depth, for nested irq_disable() calls
 * @wake_depth:         enable depth, for multiple irq_set_irq_wake() callers
 * @irq_count:          stats field to detect stalled irqs
 * @last_unhandled:     aging timer for unhandled count
 * @irqs_unhandled:     stats field for spurious unhandled interrupts
 * @threads_handled:    stats field for deferred spurious detection of threaded handlers
 * @threads_handled_last: comparator field for deferred spurious detection of theraded handlers
 * @lock:               locking for SMP
 * @affinity_hint:      hint to user space for preferred irq affinity
 * @affinity_notify:    context for notification of affinity changes
 * @pending_mask:       pending rebalanced interrupts
 * @threads_oneshot:    bitfield to handle shared oneshot threads
 * @threads_active:     number of irqaction threads currently running
 * @wait_for_threads:   wait queue for sync_irq to wait for threaded handlers
 * @nr_actions:         number of installed actions on this descriptor
 * @no_suspend_depth:   number of irqactions on a irq descriptor with
 *                      IRQF_NO_SUSPEND set
 * @force_resume_depth: number of irqactions on a irq descriptor with
 *                      IRQF_FORCE_RESUME set
 * @rcu:                rcu head for delayed free
 * @kobj:               kobject used to represent this struct in sysfs
 * @request_mutex:      mutex to protect request/free before locking desc->lock
 * @dir:                /proc/irq/ procfs entry
 * @debugfs_file:       dentry for the debugfs file
 * @name:               flow handler name for /proc/interrupts output
 */
struct irq_desc {
        struct irq_common_data  irq_common_data;
        struct irq_data         irq_data;
        unsigned int __percpu   *kstat_irqs;
        irq_flow_handler_t      handle_irq;
#ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_PREFLOW_FASTEOI
        irq_preflow_handler_t   preflow_handler;
#endif
        struct irqaction        *action;        /* IRQ action list */
        unsigned int            status_use_accessors;
        unsigned int            core_internal_state__do_not_mess_with_it;
        unsigned int            depth;          /* nested irq disables */
        unsigned int            wake_depth;     /* nested wake enables */
        unsigned int            irq_count;      /* For detecting broken IRQs */
        unsigned long           last_unhandled; /* Aging timer for unhandled count */
        unsigned int            irqs_unhandled;
        atomic_t                threads_handled;
        int                     threads_handled_last;
        raw_spinlock_t          lock;
        struct cpumask          *percpu_enabled;
        const struct cpumask    *percpu_affinity;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
        const struct cpumask    *affinity_hint;
        struct irq_affinity_notify *affinity_notify;
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_PENDING_IRQ
        cpumask_var_t           pending_mask;
#endif
#endif
        unsigned long           threads_oneshot;
        atomic_t                threads_active;
        wait_queue_head_t       wait_for_threads;
#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
        unsigned int            nr_actions;
        unsigned int            no_suspend_depth;
        unsigned int            cond_suspend_depth;
        unsigned int            force_resume_depth;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
        struct proc_dir_entry   *dir;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_IRQ_DEBUGFS
        struct dentry           *debugfs_file;
        const char              *dev_name;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSE_IRQ
        struct rcu_head         rcu;
        struct kobject          kobj;
#endif
        struct mutex            request_mutex;
        int                     parent_irq;
        struct module           *owner;
        const char              *name;
} ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;

5.2 irq_data

/**
 * struct irq_data - per irq chip data passed down to chip functions
 * @mask:               precomputed bitmask for accessing the chip registers
 * @irq:                interrupt number
 * @hwirq:              hardware interrupt number, local to the interrupt domain
 * @common:             point to data shared by all irqchips
 * @chip:               low level interrupt hardware access
 * @domain:             Interrupt translation domain; responsible for mapping
 *                      between hwirq number and linux irq number.
 * @parent_data:        pointer to parent struct irq_data to support hierarchy
 *                      irq_domain
 * @chip_data:          platform-specific per-chip private data for the chip
 *                      methods, to allow shared chip implementations
 */
struct irq_data {
        u32                     mask;
        unsigned int            irq;
        unsigned long           hwirq;
        struct irq_common_data  *common;
        struct irq_chip         *chip;
        struct irq_domain       *domain;
#ifdef  CONFIG_IRQ_DOMAIN_HIERARCHY
        struct irq_data         *parent_data;
#endif
        void                    *chip_data;
};

5.3 irq_chip

/**
 * struct irq_chip - hardware interrupt chip descriptor
 *
 * @parent_device:      pointer to parent device for irqchip
 * @name:               name for /proc/interrupts
 * @irq_startup:        start up the interrupt (defaults to ->enable if NULL)
 * @irq_shutdown:       shut down the interrupt (defaults to ->disable if NULL)
 * @irq_enable:         enable the interrupt (defaults to chip->unmask if NULL)
 * @irq_disable:        disable the interrupt
 * @irq_ack:            start of a new interrupt
 * @irq_mask:           mask an interrupt source
 * @irq_mask_ack:       ack and mask an interrupt source
 * @irq_unmask:         unmask an interrupt source
 * @irq_eoi:            end of interrupt
 * @irq_set_affinity:   Set the CPU affinity on SMP machines. If the force
 *                      argument is true, it tells the driver to
 *                      unconditionally apply the affinity setting. Sanity
 *                      checks against the supplied affinity mask are not
 *                      required. This is used for CPU hotplug where the
 *                      target CPU is not yet set in the cpu_online_mask.
 * @irq_retrigger:      resend an IRQ to the CPU
 * @irq_set_type:       set the flow type (IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL/etc.) of an IRQ
 * @irq_set_wake:       enable/disable power-management wake-on of an IRQ
 * @irq_bus_lock:       function to lock access to slow bus (i2c) chips
 * @irq_bus_sync_unlock:function to sync and unlock slow bus (i2c) chips
 * @irq_cpu_online:     configure an interrupt source for a secondary CPU
 * @irq_cpu_offline:    un-configure an interrupt source for a secondary CPU
 * @irq_suspend:        function called from core code on suspend once per
 *                      chip, when one or more interrupts are installed
 * @irq_resume:         function called from core code on resume once per chip,
 *                      when one ore more interrupts are installed
 * @irq_pm_shutdown:    function called from core code on shutdown once per chip
 * @irq_calc_mask:      Optional function to set irq_data.mask for special cases
 * @irq_print_chip:     optional to print special chip info in show_interrupts
 * @irq_request_resources:      optional to request resources before calling
 *                              any other callback related to this irq
 * @irq_release_resources:      optional to release resources acquired with
 *                              irq_request_resources
 * @irq_compose_msi_msg:        optional to compose message content for MSI
 * @irq_write_msi_msg:  optional to write message content for MSI
 * @irq_get_irqchip_state:      return the internal state of an interrupt
 * @irq_set_irqchip_state:      set the internal state of a interrupt
 * @irq_set_vcpu_affinity:      optional to target a vCPU in a virtual machine
 * @ipi_send_single:    send a single IPI to destination cpus
 * @ipi_send_mask:      send an IPI to destination cpus in cpumask
 * @flags:              chip specific flags
 */
struct irq_chip {
        struct device   *parent_device;
        const char      *name;
        unsigned int    (*irq_startup)(struct irq_data *data);
        void            (*irq_shutdown)(struct irq_data *data);
        void            (*irq_enable)(struct irq_data *data);
        void            (*irq_disable)(struct irq_data *data);

        void            (*irq_ack)(struct irq_data *data);
        void            (*irq_mask)(struct irq_data *data);
        void            (*irq_mask_ack)(struct irq_data *data);
        void            (*irq_unmask)(struct irq_data *data);
        void            (*irq_eoi)(struct irq_data *data);

        int             (*irq_set_affinity)(struct irq_data *data, const struct cpumask *dest, bool force);
        int             (*irq_retrigger)(struct irq_data *data);
        int             (*irq_set_type)(struct irq_data *data, unsigned int flow_type);
        int             (*irq_set_wake)(struct irq_data *data, unsigned int on);

        void            (*irq_bus_lock)(struct irq_data *data);
        void            (*irq_bus_sync_unlock)(struct irq_data *data);

        void            (*irq_cpu_online)(struct irq_data *data);
        void            (*irq_cpu_offline)(struct irq_data *data);

        void            (*irq_suspend)(struct irq_data *data);
        void            (*irq_resume)(struct irq_data *data);
        void            (*irq_pm_shutdown)(struct irq_data *data);

        void            (*irq_calc_mask)(struct irq_data *data);

        void            (*irq_print_chip)(struct irq_data *data, struct seq_file *p);
        int             (*irq_request_resources)(struct irq_data *data);
        void            (*irq_release_resources)(struct irq_data *data);

        void            (*irq_compose_msi_msg)(struct irq_data *data, struct msi_msg *msg);
        void            (*irq_write_msi_msg)(struct irq_data *data, struct msi_msg *msg);

        int             (*irq_get_irqchip_state)(struct irq_data *data, enum irqchip_irq_state which, bool *state);
        int             (*irq_set_irqchip_state)(struct irq_data *data, enum irqchip_irq_state which, bool state);

        int             (*irq_set_vcpu_affinity)(struct irq_data *data, void *vcpu_info);

        void            (*ipi_send_single)(struct irq_data *data, unsigned int cpu);
        void            (*ipi_send_mask)(struct irq_data *data, const struct cpumask *dest);

        unsigned long   flags;
};