C字符串函数

函数名: stpcpy

功能:拷贝一个字符串到另一个

用法:char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);

程序例:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char string[10];

   char *str1 ="abcdefghi";

 

   stpcpy(string, str1);

   printf("%s\n", string);

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strcat

功能:字符串拼接函数

用法:char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);

程序例:

 

#include<string.h>

#include<stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char destination[25];

   char *blank =" ", *c ="C++", *Borland ="Borland";

 

   strcpy(destination, Borland);

   strcat(destination, blank);

   strcat(destination, c);

 

   printf("%s\n", destination);

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strchr

功能:在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处

用法:char *strchr(char *str, char c);

程序例:

 

#include<string.h>

#include<stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char string[15];

   char *ptr, c ='r';

 

   strcpy(string, "This is astring");

   ptr = strchr(string, c);

   if (ptr)

   printf("Thecharacter %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);

   else

   printf("Thecharacter was not found\n");

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strcmp

功能:串比较

用法:int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);

看Asic码，str1>str2，返回值 > 0；两串相等，返回0

程序例:

 

#include<string.h>

#include<stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *buf1 ="aaa", *buf2 ="bbb", *buf3 ="ccc";

   int ptr;

 

   ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);

   if (ptr > 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isgreater than buffer 1\n");

   else

   printf("buffer 2 isless than buffer 1\n");

 

   ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);

   if (ptr > 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isgreater than buffer 3\n");

   else

   printf("buffer 2 isless than buffer 3\n");

 

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strncmpi

功能:将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较,不管大小写

用法:int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2,unsigned maxlen);

程序例:

 

#include<string.h>

#include<stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *buf1 ="BBB", *buf2 ="bbb";

   int ptr;

 

   ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

 

   if (ptr > 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isgreater than buffer 1\n");

 

   if (ptr < 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isless than buffer 1\n");

 

   if (ptr == 0)

   printf("buffer 2equals buffer 1\n");

 

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strcpy

功能:串拷贝

用法:char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char string[10];

   char *str1 ="abcdefghi";

 

   strcpy(string, str1);

   printf("%s\n", string);

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strcspn

功能:在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段

用法:int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<alloc.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *string1 ="1234567890";

   char *string2 ="747DC8";

   int length;

 

   length = strcspn(string1, string2);

   printf("Characterwhere strings intersect is at position %d\n", length);

 

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strdup

功能:将串拷贝到新建的位置处

用法:char *strdup(char *str);

程序例:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<alloc.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *dup_str, *string ="abcde";

 

   dup_str = strdup(string);

   printf("%s\n", dup_str);

   free(dup_str);

 

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: stricmp

功能:以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串

用法:int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

 

#include<string.h>

#include<stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *buf1 ="BBB", *buf2 ="bbb";

   int ptr;

 

   ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);

 

   if (ptr > 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isgreater than buffer 1\n");

 

   if (ptr < 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isless than buffer 1\n");

 

   if (ptr == 0)

   printf("buffer 2equals buffer 1\n");

 

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strerror

功能:返回指向错误信息字符串的指针

用法:char *strerror(int errnum);

程序例:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<errno.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *buffer;

   buffer = strerror(errno);

   printf("Error:%s\n", buffer);

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strcmpi

功能:将一个串与另一个比较,不管大小写

用法:int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

 

#include<string.h>

#include<stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *buf1 ="BBB", *buf2 ="bbb";

   int ptr;

 

   ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

 

   if (ptr > 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isgreater than buffer 1\n");

 

   if (ptr < 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isless than buffer 1\n");

 

   if (ptr == 0)

   printf("buffer 2equals buffer 1\n");

 

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strncmp

功能:串比较

用法:int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2,int maxlen);

程序例:

 

#include<string.h>

#include<stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

 

{

   char *buf1 ="aaabbb", *buf2 ="bbbccc", *buf3 ="ccc";

   int ptr;

 

   ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);

   if (ptr > 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isgreater than buffer 1\n");

   else

   printf("buffer 2 isless than buffer 1\n");

 

   ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);

   if (ptr > 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isgreater than buffer 3\n");

   else

   printf("buffer 2 isless than buffer 3\n");

 

   return(0);

}

 

函数名: strncmpi

功能:把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较,不管大小写

用法:int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

 

#include<string.h>

#include<stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *buf1 ="BBBccc", *buf2 ="bbbccc";

   int ptr;

 

   ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3);

 

   if (ptr > 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isgreater than buffer 1\n");

 

   if (ptr < 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isless than buffer 1\n");

 

   if (ptr == 0)

   printf("buffer 2equals buffer 1\n");

 

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strncpy

功能:串拷贝

用法:char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source,int maxlen);

程序例:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char string[10];

   char *str1 ="abcdefghi";

 

   strncpy(string, str1, 3);

   string[3] = '\0';

   printf("%s\n", string);

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strnicmp

功能:不注重大小写地比较两个串

用法:int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2,unsigned maxlen);

程序例:

 

#include<string.h>

#include<stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *buf1 ="BBBccc", *buf2 ="bbbccc";

   int ptr;

 

   ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3);

 

   if (ptr > 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isgreater than buffer 1\n");

 

   if (ptr < 0)

   printf("buffer 2 isless than buffer 1\n");

 

   if (ptr == 0)

   printf("buffer 2equals buffer 1\n");

 

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strnset

功能:将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符

用法:char *strnset(char *str, char ch,unsigned n);

程序例:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *string ="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

   char letter ='x';

 

   printf("stringbefore strnset: %s\n", string);

   strnset(string, letter, 13);

   printf("stringafter strnset: %s\n", string);

 

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strpbrk

功能:在串中查找给定字符集中的字符

用法:char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *string1 ="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

   char *string2 ="onm";

   char *ptr;

 

   ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2);

 

   if (ptr)

   printf("strpbrkfound first character: %c\n", *ptr);

   else

   printf("strpbrkdidn't find character in set\n");

 

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strrchr

功能:在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现

用法:char *strrchr(char *str, char c);

程序例:

 

#include<string.h>

#include<stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char string[15];

   char *ptr, c ='r';

 

   strcpy(string, "This is astring");

   ptr = strrchr(string, c);

   if (ptr)

   printf("Thecharacter %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);

   else

   printf("Thecharacter was not found\n");

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strrev

功能:串倒转

用法:char *strrev(char *str);

程序例:

 

#include<string.h>

#include<stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *forward ="string";

 

   printf("Beforestrrev(): %s\n", forward);

   strrev(forward);

   printf("Afterstrrev(): %s\n", forward);

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strset

功能:将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符

用法:char *strset(char *str, char c);

程序例:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char string[10] ="123456789";

   char symbol ='c';

 

   printf("Beforestrset(): %s\n", string);

   strset(string, symbol);

   printf("Afterstrset(): %s\n", string);

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strspn

功能:在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现

用法:int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<alloc.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *string1 ="1234567890";

   char *string2 ="123DC8";

   int length;

 

   length = strspn(string1, string2);

   printf("Characterwhere strings differ is at position %d\n", length);

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strstr

功能:在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现

用法:char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *str1 ="BorlandInternational", *str2 ="nation", *ptr;

 

   ptr = strstr(str1, str2);

   printf("Thesubstring is: %s\n", ptr);

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strtod

功能:将字符串转换为double型值

用法:double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);

程序例:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char input[80], *endptr;

   double value;

 

   printf("Enter afloating point number:");

   gets(input);

   value = strtod(input, &endptr);

   printf("The stringis %s the number is %lf\n", input, value);

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strtok

功能:查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词

用法:char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

 

#include<string.h>

#include<stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char input[16] ="abc,d";

   char *p;

 

   /* strtok places a NULL terminator

    in front of the token, iffound */

   p = strtok(input, ",");

   if (p) printf("%s\n", p);

 

   /* A second call to strtok using a NULL

    as the first parameterreturns a pointer

    to the character followingthe token */

   p = strtok(NULL, ",");

   if (p) printf("%s\n", p);

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strtol

功能:将串转换为长整数

用法:long strtol(char *str, char **endptr,int base);

程序例:

 

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *string ="87654321", *endptr;

   long lnumber;

 

   /* strtol converts string to longinteger */

   lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);

   printf("string =%s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber);

 

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: strupr

功能:将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母

用法:char *strupr(char *str);

程序例:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

 

int main(void)

{

   char *string ="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr;

 

   /* converts string to upper case characters*/

   ptr = strupr(string);

   printf("%s\n", ptr);

   return 0;

}

 

函数名: swab

功能:交换字节

用法:void swab (char *from, char *to,int nbytes);

程序例:

 

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

 

char source[15] ="rFnakoBlrna d";

char target[15];

 

intmain(void)

{

   swab(source, target,strlen(source));

   printf("This istarget: %s\n", target);

   return 0;

}