一些平时用的iOS 10的小知识点

修改UITextField的光标颜色

textField.tintColor = [UIColor whiteColor];

UITextField占位文字相关的设置

// 设置占位文字内容
@property(nullable, nonatomic,copy)   NSString               *placeholder;
// 设置带有属性的占位文字, 优先级 > placeholder
@property(nullable, nonatomic,copy)   NSAttributedString     *attributedPlaceholder;

NSAttributedString

• 带有属性的字符串, 富文本
• 由2部分组成
  
  • 文字内容 : NSString *
  • 文字属性 : NSDictionary *
    
    • 文字颜色 - NSForegroundColorAttributeName
    • 字体大小 - NSFontAttributeName
    • 下划线 - NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName
    • 背景色 - NSBackgroundColorAttributeName

• 初始化

  NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
  attributes[NSForegroundColorAttributeName] = [UIColor yellowColor];
  attributes[NSBackgroundColorAttributeName] = [UIColor redColor];
  attributes[NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName] = @YES;
  NSAttributedString *string = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@”123” attributes:attributes];

• 使用场合

  • UILabel - attributedText
  • UITextField - attributedPlaceholder

NSMutableAttributedString

• 继承自NSAttributedString

• 常见方法

  // 设置range范围的属性, 重复设置同一个范围的属性, 最后一次设置才是有效的(之前的设置会被覆盖掉)
  //- (void)setAttributes:(nullable NSDictionary

图文混排

UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] init];
label.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 200, 25);
label.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:14];
[self.view addSubview:label];

// 图文混排
NSMutableAttributedString *attributedText = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];
// 1 - 你好
NSAttributedString *first = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"你好"];
[attributedText appendAttributedString:first];

// 2 - 图片
// 带有图片的附件对象
NSTextAttachment *attachment = [[NSTextAttachment alloc] init];
attachment.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"header_cry_icon"];
CGFloat lineH = label.font.lineHeight;
attachment.bounds = CGRectMake(0, - ((label.xmg_height - lineH) * 0.5 - 1), lineH, lineH);
// 将附件对象包装成一个属性文字
NSAttributedString *second = [NSAttributedString attributedStringWithAttachment:attachment];
[attributedText appendAttributedString:second];

// 3 - 哈哈哈
NSAttributedString *third = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"哈哈哈"];
[attributedText appendAttributedString:third];

label.attributedText = attributedText;

一个Label显示多行不同字体的文字

 UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] init];
 // 设置属性文字
 NSString *text = @"你好\n哈哈哈";
 NSMutableAttributedString *attributedText = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:text];
 [attributedText addAttribute:NSFontAttributeName value:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:10] range:NSMakeRange(0, text.length)];
 [attributedText addAttribute:NSFontAttributeName value:[UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:13] range:NSMakeRange(3, 3)];
 label.attributedText = attributedText;
 // 其他设置
 label.numberOfLines = 0;
 label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
 label.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 40);
 [self.view addSubview:label];
 self.navigationItem.titleView = label;

修改UITextField占位文字的颜色

• 使用attributedPlaceholder

  @property(nullable, nonatomic,copy) NSAttributedString *attributedPlaceholder;

• 重写- (void)drawPlaceholderInRect:(CGRect)rect;

  //- (void)drawPlaceholderInRect:(CGRect)rect;

- 修改内部占位文字Label的文字颜色

[textField setValue:[UIColor grayColor] forKeyPath:@"placeholderLabel.textColor"];

如何监听一个控件内部的事件

• 如果继承自UIControl
  //- (void)addTarget:(nullable id)target action:(SEL)action forControlEvents:(UIControlEvents)controlEvents;
• 代理
• 通知
• 利用内部的某些机制
• 比如重写UITextField的becomeFirstResponder和resignFirstResponder来监听UITextField的获得焦点和失去焦点事件

assign和weak的区别

• 本质区别

  • 速度比较: __unsafe_unretained > __weak
    @property (nonatomic, assign) WDDog *dog; // WDDog *__unsafe_unretained _dog;
    __unsafe_unretained的特点:
    1.不是强引用, 不能保住OC对象的命
    2.如果引用的OC对象销毁了, 指针并不会被自动清空, 依然指向销毁的对象(很容易产生野指针错误: EXC_BAD_ACCESS)

  @property (nonatomic, weak) WDDog dog; // WDDog _Nullable __weak _dog;

__weak的特点:
1.不是强引用, 不能保住OC对象的命
2.如果引用的OC对象销毁了, 指针会被自动清空(变为nil), 不再指向销毁的对象(永远不会产生野指针错误)

• 用途
  
  • assign一般用在基本数据类型上面, 比如int\double等
  • weak一般用在代理对象上面, 或者用来解决循环强引用的问题

监听UITextField的获得焦点和失去焦点事件

• addTarget

  [textField addTarget:target action:@selector(editingDidBegin) forControlEvents:UIControlEventEditingDidBegin];
  [textField addTarget:target action:@selector(editingDidEnd) forControlEvents:UIControlEventEditingDidEnd];

UIControlEventEditingDidBegin
1.开始编辑
2.获得焦点
3.弹出键盘

UIControlEventEditingDidEnd
1.结束编辑
2.失去焦点
3.退下键盘

delegate

//textField.delegate = self;
//#pragma mark - <UITextFieldDelegate>
//- (void)textFieldDidBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField;
//- (void)textFieldDidEndEditing:(UITextField *)textField;

通知

[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(beginEditing) name:UITextFieldTextDidBeginEditingNotification object:textField];
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(endEditing) name:UITextFieldTextDidEndEditingNotification object:textField];

//- (void)dealloc
{
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self];
}

通知相关的补充

使用block监听通知

// object对象发出了名字为name的通知, 就在queue队列中执行block
self.observer = [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:UITextFieldTextDidBeginEditingNotification object:self queue:[[NSOperationQueue alloc] init] usingBlock:^(NSNotification * _Nonnull note) {
// 一旦监听到通知, 就会执行这个block中的代码
}];

// 最后需要移除监听
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self.observer];

一次性通知(监听1次后就不再监听)

 id observer = [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:UITextFieldTextDidBeginEditingNotification object:self queue:[[NSOperationQueue alloc] init] usingBlock:^(NSNotification * _Nonnull note) {


// 移除通知
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:observer];
}];

其他

 dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
// 因为是在子线程注册了通知监听器, 所以beginEditing和endEditing会在子线程中执行
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(beginEditing) name:UITextFieldTextDidBeginEditingNotification object:self];
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(endEditing) name:UITextFieldTextDidEndEditingNotification object:self];
});