CentOS7.x下Docker安装与启动

​ Docker官方建议在Ubuntu中安装，因为Docker是基于Ubuntu发布的，而且一般Docker出现的问题Ubuntu是最先更新或者打补丁的。在很多版本的CentOS中是不支持更新最新的一些补丁包的。

​ 由于我们学习的环境都使用的是CentOS，因此这里我们将Docker安装到CentOS上。注意：这里建议安装在CentOS7.x以上的版本，在CentOS6.x的版本中，安装前需要安装其他很多的环境而且Docker很多补丁不支持更新。

（1）yum 包更新到最新

 yum update

（2）安装需要的软件包， yum-util 提供yum-config-manager功能，另外两个是devicemapper驱动依赖的

 yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

（3）设置yum源为阿里云

 yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

（4）安装docker

yum install docker-ce

（5）安装后查看docker版本

[root@VM_0_8_centos ~]# docker -v
Docker version 19.03.3, build a872fc2f86

2.2 设置ustc的镜像

ustc是老牌的linux镜像服务提供者了，还在遥远的ubuntu 5.04版本的时候就在用。ustc的docker镜像加速器速度很快。ustc docker mirror的优势之一就是不需要注册，是真正的公共服务。

[https://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/mirrors/help/docker](

请在该配置文件中加入（没有该文件的话，请先建一个）：

{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
}

2.3 Docker的启动与停止

systemctl命令是系统服务管理器指令

启动docker：

systemctl start docker

停止docker：

systemctl stop docker

重启docker：

systemctl restart docker

查看docker状态：

systemctl status docker

开机启动：

systemctl enable docker

查看docker概要信息

docker info

查看docker帮助文档

docker --help

测试运行 hello-world
一开始没有hello-world镜像，会去下一个的

[root@VM_0_8_centos etc]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:c3b4ada4687bbaa170745b3e4dd8ac3f194ca95b2d0518b417fb47e5879d9b5f
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

[root@VM_0_8_centos etc]# docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.
  
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

[root@VM_0_8_centos etc]#