七、mysql聚合函数

一、数据准备

mysql> CREATE TABLE users(
    -> id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    -> username VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    -> age SMALLINT UNSIGNED DEFAULT 10,
    -> sex BOOLEAN
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> INSERT users VALUES('tom',23,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> INSERT users VALUES('tomi',23,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> INSERT users VALUES('jerry',26,0);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> INSERT users VALUES('jerry',26,NULL);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> INSERT users VALUES('marry',DEFAULT,NULL);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> INSERT users VALUES('marry',DEFAULT,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> INSERT users VALUES('tom',34,0);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM users;
+----+----------+------+------+
| id | username | age  | sex  |
+----+----------+------+------+
|  1 | tom      |   23 |    1 |
|  2 | tomi     |   23 |    1 |
|  3 | jerry    |   26 |    0 |
|  4 | jerry    |   26 | NULL |
|  5 | marry    |   10 | NULL |
|  6 | marry    |   10 |    1 |
|  7 | tom      |   34 |    0 |
+----+----------+------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

二、聚集函数

mysql只有五个聚合函数。
聚集函数是运行在行组上,计算和返回单个值的函数。
SQL聚集函数:
函数 说明
AVG() 返回某列的平均值
COUNT() 返回某列的行数
MAX() 返回某列的最大值
MIN() 返回某列的最小值
SUM() 返回某个列之和
AVG、COUNT、SUM均可进行DISTINCT去重后聚合,如:COUNT(DISTINCT columnName)

(1)、AVG()函数

可以返回所有列的平均值,也可以返回特定列的平均值。

mysql> SELECT AVG(age) AS avg_age FROM users; #计算所有记录中age字段的均值。
+---------+
| avg_age |
+---------+
| 21.7143 |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT AVG(age) AS avg_age FROM users WHERE sex=1;#计算所有的sex=1的记录中age字段的均值。
+---------+
| avg_age |
+---------+
| 18.6667 |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(2)、COUNT()函数

COUNT(*)对表中行的数目进行计数,不管表列中包含的是空(NULL)还是非空值;
COUNT(column)对特定列中有值的行进行计算,忽略NULL值
COUNT(*)和COUNT(1)是一样的,这里的1没有特殊意义,也可写成COUNT(2),不过某些数据库会对COUNT(1)进行优化,导致其比COUNT(*)更快

mysql> SELECT COUNT(`*`) FROM users;#对表中行的数目进行计数
+----------+
| COUNT(*) |
+----------+
|        7 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT COUNT(sex) FROM users;#对sex列中,有值的行进行计算,忽略NULL值。
+------------+
| COUNT(sex) |
+------------+
|          5 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

注意:以下方式使用聚合函数往往得不到想要的结果
SELECT id, COUNT(*) FROM users;
查询的结果为:一行数据
id,为第一条记录的id
COUNT(*):为所以记录条数

(3)、MAX()函数

MAX()返回指定列的最大值,要求指定列名,忽略NULL值。
在MySQL中,MAX()函数可以对非数据列使用,在用于文本数据时,数据按相应的列排序,MAX()返回最后一行

mysql> SELECT MAX(age) FROM users;
+----------+
| MAX(age) |
+----------+
|       34 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT MAX(sex) FROM users;
+----------+
| MAX(sex) |
+----------+
|        1 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT MAX(username) FROM users;
+---------------+
| MAX(username) |
+---------------+
| tomi          |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT username FROM users ORDER BY username ASC; #可以看到,tomi排在最后。

+----------+
| username |
+----------+
| jerry    |
| jerry    |
| marry    |
| marry    |
| tom      |
| tom      |
| tomi     |
+----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(4)、MIN()函数

MIN()返回指定列的最小值,要求指定列名,忽略NULL值。
在MySQL中,MIN()函数可以对非数据列使用,在用于文本数据时,数据按相应的列排序,MIN()返回最前面的一行

mysql> SELECT MIN(sex) FROM users;
+----------+
| MIN(sex) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT MIN(age) FROM users;
+----------+
| MIN(age) |
+----------+
|       10 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(5)、SUM()函数

用来返回指定列的和(总计),忽略NULL值的行。

mysql> SELECT SUM(age) FROM users;
+----------+
| SUM(age) |
+----------+
|      152 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT SUM(sex) FROM users;
+----------+
| SUM(sex) |
+----------+
|        3 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT SUM(age) AS sum_age FROM users WHERE sex=1;#对sex=1的记录,求年龄之和。
+---------+
| sum_age |
+---------+
|      56 |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SUM()也可以合计计算值。

mysql> SELECT * FROM users WHERE sex=0;
+----+----------+------+------+
| id | username | age  | sex  |
+----+----------+------+------+
|  3 | jerry    |   26 |    0 |
|  7 | tom      |   34 |    0 |
+----+----------+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT SUM(age*id) AS sum_age_id FROM users WHERE sex=0;
+------------+
| sum_age_id |
+------------+
|        316 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

三、聚集不同值DISTINCT

DISTINCT关键字:如果使用DISTINCT关键字,则去掉重复值。(即:重复的数值只能使用1次)

mysql> SELECT * FROM users WHERE sex=1;
+----+----------+------+------+
| id | username | age  | sex  |
+----+----------+------+------+
|  1 | tom      |   23 |    1 |
|  2 | tomi     |   23 |    1 |
|  6 | marry    |   10 |    1 |
+----+----------+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT AVG(DISTINCT age) FROM users WHERE sex=1;#对23,10求均值。
+-------------------+
| AVG(DISTINCT age) |
+-------------------+
|           16.5000 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> SELECT AVG(age) FROM users WHERE sex=1;#对23,23,10求均值
+----------+
| AVG(age) |
+----------+
|  18.6667 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

四、组合聚集函数

聚集函数可以组合使用

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) AS num,MIN(age) AS age_min,MAX(age) AS age_max,AVG(age) AS age_avg FROM users;
+-----+---------+---------+---------+
| num | age_min | age_max | age_avg |
+-----+---------+---------+---------+
|   7 |      10 |      34 | 21.7143 |
+-----+---------+---------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) AS num,MIN(age) AS age_min,MAX(age) AS age_max,AVG(age) AS age_avg FROM users WHERE sex=1;
+-----+---------+---------+---------+
| num | age_min | age_max | age_avg |
+-----+---------+---------+---------+
|   3 |      10 |      23 | 18.6667 |
+-----+---------+---------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM users WHERE sex=1;
+----+----------+------+------+
| id | username | age  | sex  |
+----+----------+------+------+
|  1 | tom      |   23 |    1 |
|  2 | tomi     |   23 |    1 |
|  6 | marry    |   10 |    1 |
+----+----------+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) AS num,MIN(age) AS age_min,MAX(age) AS age_max,AVG(DISTINCT age) AS age_avg FROM users WHERE sex=1;
+-----+---------+---------+---------+
| num | age_min | age_max | age_avg |
+-----+---------+---------+---------+
|   3 |      10 |      23 | 16.5000 |
+-----+---------+---------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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