前段时间学习了下springmvc+hibernate.用这个框架实现了增删改查,想把学习的东西贴出来,和大家一起交流。由于之前没有学过什么框架之类的东西,在学习时遇到了很多困难,学的也很慢。
我学先看的是hibernate,hibernate主要是用在数据持久层,用来把数据持久化,建立java实体bean与数据库中表的对应。利用hibernate操作数据库时就有很多封装好了的方法,很方便调用。再学的是spring,知道它是作为一个容器在使用,以及ioc和aop,不过我这里基本没有用到aop,没有涉及到切面的编程。在学springmvc时,以为它就是spring,根本没有想这是一个基于MVC的框架,框架这东西之前我是一直都不理解。后来靠给我讲了下,这个框架里面最重要的就是分层,它的模型层就是与数据库打交道的,控制层是不与数据打交道的,是在业务层的基础上进行控制,而业务层是实现模型层的一些方法,最后是用视图层进行显示,搞清楚逻辑关系是很重要的。
直接贴代码:
实体类:student.java
package com.xl.entity;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.SequenceGenerator;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="student")
public class Student {
@Id
@SequenceGenerator(name="seq_student",sequenceName="seq_student")
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE,generator="seq_student")
@Column(length=20)
private Integer id;
@Column(length=50)
private String name;
@Column(length=20)
private Integer age;
@Column(length=50)
private String course;
public Student(){}
public Student(Integer id,String name,String course,Integer age){
this.id=id;
this.age=age;
this.name=name;
this.course=course;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getCourse() {
return course;
}
public void setCourse(String course) {
this.course = course;
}
}
IStudentDao.java
package com.xl.dao;
import java.util.List;
import com.xl.entity.Student;
public interface IStudentDao {
public void addStudent(Student stu);
public List<Student> getAllStudents();
public Student getStudentById(Integer id);
public void delStudent(Integer id);
public void update(Student stu);
}
StudentService.java
package com.xl.service;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.xl.dao.IStudentDao;
import com.xl.entity.Student;
@Service
@Transactional
public class StudentService implements IStudentDao {
@Resource
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
public void addStudent(Student stu) {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().persist(stu);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<Student> getAllStudents() {
return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery("from Student order by id").list();
}
public Student getStudentById(Integer id) {
return (Student) sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(Student.class, id);
}
public void delStudent(Integer id) {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().delete(sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().load(Student.class, id));
}
public void update(Student stu) {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().update(stu);
}
}
StudentController.java
package com.xl.controller;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import com.xl.dao.IStudentDao;
import com.xl.entity.Student;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {
@Resource
private IStudentDao studentService;
/**
* 获取学生列表 在首页显示
* @param req
* @param rep
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/stu")
public String tostu(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse rep){
List<Student> students=studentService.getAllStudents();
req.setAttribute("studentlist", students);
return "stu";
}
/**
* 根据获取的id删除对应的学生信息
* @param req
* @param rep
* @param id
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/del")
public String del(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse rep,Integer id){
studentService.delStudent(id);
List<Student> students=studentService.getAllStudents();
req.setAttribute("studentlist", students);
return "stu";
}
/**
* 在增加学生信息时候 这里要注意编码
* 要先判断名字,年龄是否为空。也可以用ajax,对于更新就不是用这方法
* @param name
* @param age
* @param course
* @param req
* @param rep
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/add")
public String add(String name,Integer age,String course,
HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse rep){
try {
rep.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
Student student=null;
student = new Student(null,URLDecoder.decode(name,"utf-8"),URLDecoder.decode(course,"utf-8"),age);
studentService.addStudent(student);
List<Student> students=studentService.getAllStudents();
req.setAttribute("studentlist", students);
return "stu";
//printWriter.write("qq".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 根据传来的id取出student在页面中显示出来,与update分开
* @param req
* @param id
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/toUpdate")
public String toUpdate(HttpServletRequest req,Integer id){
//查找要更新的数据
Student student=studentService.getStudentById(id);
//放入作用域
req.setAttribute("student", student);
return "update";
}
/**
* 类似于删除,根据传来的student。直接用StudentService里的update方法更新
* @param student
* @param req
* @param rep
*/
@RequestMapping("/update")
public String update(Student student,HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse rep){
try{
System.out.println("12121212");
rep.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
Student newstudent=null;
newstudent=new Student(student.getId(),URLDecoder.decode(student.getName(),"utf-8"),
URLDecoder.decode(student.getCourse(),"utf-8"),student.getAge());
studentService.update(newstudent);
List<Student> students=studentService.getAllStudents();
req.setAttribute("studentlist", students);
return "stu";
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
}
配置文件
beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd"
>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl"/>
<property name="user" value="scott"/>
<property name="password" value="xuli"/>
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="5"></property>
<property name="minPoolSize" value="5"></property>
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="15"/>
<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="1000"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置sessionfactory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<value>
hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update
hibernate.show_sql=true
hibernate.format_sql=false
</value>
</property>
<property name="configLocations">
<list>
<value>
classpath*:config/hibernate.cfg.xml
</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<!-- 自动扫描(自动注入) -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xl" />
</beans>
hibernate.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<mapping class="com.xl.entity.Student"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
Springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描controller包下的所有类,使其认为spring mvc的控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xl.controller" />
<!-- 对模型视图名称的解析,即在模型视图名称添加前后缀 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:prefix="/" p:suffix=".jsp" />
</beans>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>zx</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:config/beans.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:config/Springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>singleSession</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
最后的效果是:
在学习过程中也遇到很多低级的问题,如果是像我这样的新手的话,刚开始可能都会遇到,第一个就是jar包问题,我在前面几天调试的时候经常报的错就是jar包冲突或是缺少jar包,第二个就是配置文件的问题,总是搞不清楚怎么配,只是去复制粘贴别人的配置文件,自己又不是很懂,刚开始时程序都跑不起来。再有的一些问题基本就是一些细节性的问题,比如编码问题等。
只是很简单的一个实现,像分页,插入日志等都没有做,我也不是很会,还在继续学习中,水平有限,还望轻喷。