【Build】关于-fPIC, -fpic, -fpie, -fPIE的一点理解

深海Enoch

已于 2022-07-01 16:24:42 修改

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分类专栏： Tools C++ 文章标签： c++ CMake

于 2022-07-01 16:24:20 首次发布

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/huangkangying/article/details/90521151

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最近在编译动态库文件，用到-fPIC编译选项。查了下GNU的手册：

-fpic
Generate position-independent code (PIC) suitable for use in a shared library, if supported for the target machine. Such code accesses all constant addresses through a global offset table (GOT). The dynamic loader resolves the GOT entries when the program starts (the dynamic loader is not part of GCC; it is part of the operating system). If the GOT size for the linked executable exceeds a machine-specific maximum size, you get an error message from the linker indicating that -fpic does not work; in that case, recompile with -fPIC instead. (These maximums are 8k on the SPARC, 28k on AArch64 and 32k on the m68k and RS/6000. The x86 has no such limit.)

Position-independent code requires special support, and therefore works only on certain machines. For the x86, GCC supports PIC for System V but not for the Sun 386i. Code generated for the IBM RS/6000 is always position-independent.

When this flag is set, the macros __pic__ and __PIC__ are defined to 1.

-fPIC
If supported for the target machine, emit position-independent code, suitable for dynamic linking and avoiding any limit on the size of the global offset table. This option makes a difference on AArch64, m68k, PowerPC and SPARC.

Position-independent code requires special support, and therefore works only on certain machines.

When this flag is set, the macros __pic__ and __PIC__ are defined to 2.

-fpie
-fPIE
These options are similar to -fpic and -fPIC, but the generated position-independent code can be only linked into executables. Usually these options are used to compile code that will be linked using the -pie GCC option.

-fpie and -fPIE both define the macros __pie__ and __PIE__. The macros have the value 1 for -fpie and 2 for -fPIE.

总结一下：

-fPIC与-fpic都是在编译时加入的选项，用于生成位置无关的代码(Position-Independent-Code)。这两个选项都是可以使代码在加载到内存时使用相对地址，所有对固定地址的访问都通过全局偏移表(GOT)来实现。-fPIC和-fpic最大的区别在于是否对GOT的大小有限制。-fPIC对GOT表大小无限制，所以如果在不确定的情况下，使用-fPIC是更好的选择。
-fPIE与-fpie是等价的。这个选项与-fPIC/-fpic大致相同，不同点在于：-fPIC用于生成动态库，-fPIE用与生成可执行文件。再说得直白一点：-fPIE用来生成位置无关的可执行代码。

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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/huangkangying/article/details/90521151