JAVA线程池

从JDK1.5之后的版本，加入了java.util.concurentt包，其中有java.util.concurrent.Executors和java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService实现线程池操作。线程池可以更加有效地管理线程，避免对资源的浪费和线程过多造成的拥挤。

线程池的顶级接口是Executors。严格得说Executors并不是实际的接口，而是为了实现线程池的工具，真正的接口是ExecutorService

要实现线程池是很不容易的，因此JAVA提供了静态工厂，生成一些常用的线程池。

1、newCachedThreadPool ：创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。

2、newFixedThreadPool  ：创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。

3、newSheduledThreadPool  ：创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。

4、newSingledThreadExecutor  ：创建唯一的线程，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行

(1)newCachedThreadPool 

<span style="font-size:18px;">import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class Problem5test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			final int index = i;
			try {
				Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
			}
			catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			cachedThreadPool.execute(
				new Runnable() {
					public void run() {			
						System.out.println(index);		
					}
                 }
		   );
      }
   }
}
</span>

线程池为无限大，当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成，会复用执行第一个任务的线程，而不用每次新建线程。
(2)newFixedThreadPool

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class Problem5test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);//定下是3个线程
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			final int index = i;
			fixedThreadPool.execute( new Runnable() {
				public void run() {
					try {
						System.out.println(index);
						Thread.sleep(2000);
					} 
					catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}	
			});
		}
	}
}

因为线程池大小为3，每个任务输出index后sleep 2秒，所以每两秒打印3个数字。
定长线程池的大小最好根据系统资源进行设置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
(3)newScheduledThreaPool

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
	public class Problem5test {
		public static void main(String[] args) {
			ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
			scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
				public void run() {
					System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
				}
			}, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
	}
}

延迟3秒执行run();

(4)newSingledTheadExecutor

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class Problem5test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			final int index = i;
			singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
				public void run() {
					try {
						System.out.println(index);
						Thread.sleep(2000);
					} 
					catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			});
		}
	}
}

每2秒执行一次。

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class Problem5test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			final int index = i;
			singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
				public void run() {
					try {
						while(true) {
							System.out.println(index);
							Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
						}
					} 
					catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			});
			try {
				Thread.sleep(5000);
			} 
			catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}