Activity与Service通过广播交换复杂对象数据用法详解

最近学习新浪微博开放平台，实现了一个应用，通过后台Service监控微博数据，发现数据更新后通知前台程序，并将博客数据列表发送给前台Activity。 
其中利用BroadcastReceiver对象分别在Activity和Service注册了一个广播，通过发送不同的广播控制前台和后台的数据交换，并通过Serializable对象传递复杂的自定义对象类型给Activity。 
程序片段如下：后台监控weibo Service

标签： Android SDK  BroadcastReceiver

[1].[代码] AndriodFocusMe 主UI界面Activity 跳至 [1] [2]

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public class AndriodFocusMe extends Activity implements Runnable{          /** Called when the activity is first created. */      DataReceiver dataReceiver; //BroadcastReceiver对象             ProgressBar progressbar;             ListView listview;           int CMD_STOP_SERVICE = 0 ;      int CMD_RESET_SERVICE = 1 ;      int CMD_GET_WEIBO_DATA = 2 ;               @Override          public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {                  super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);                  setContentView(R.layout.weibodataview);                               Button beginOuathBtn=  (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button_WeiBo);              Button endBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.flashData);                            listview = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.weibodatalist);                progressbar = (ProgressBar)findViewById(R.id.wbprogressbar);              progressbar.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);                beginOuathBtn.setOnClickListener( new Button.OnClickListener()          {                @Override              public void onClick( View v )              {                             Intent myIntent = new Intent(AndriodFocusMe. this , WeiboService. class );                  AndriodFocusMe. this .startService(myIntent); //发送Intent启动Service                  progressbar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);                                                                   }          } );                            endBtn.setOnClickListener( new Button.OnClickListener()          {                @Override              public void onClick( View v )              {                                  Intent intent = new Intent(); //创建Intent对象                   intent.setAction( "weibo4andriod.focusme.weiboService" );                   intent.putExtra( "cmd" , CMD_GET_WEIBO_DATA);                   sendBroadcast(intent); //发送广播                                 }          } );                             }                private class DataReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{ //继承自BroadcastReceiver的子类                            ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> weibodatalist;                  @Override          public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { //重写onReceive方法                                                    try {                      Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();                      //反序列化，在本地重建数据                      Serializable data = bundle.getSerializable( "weibodata" );                                            if (data != null ) {                              weibodatalist = (ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>)data;                                                                       SimpleAdapter mSchedule = new SimpleAdapter(AndriodFocusMe. this ,weibodatalist,                                           R.layout.weibodata_itemview,                                           new String[] { "CreatedAt" , "WeiBoText" },                                           new int [] {R.id.title,R.id.weibotext});                                                     listview.setAdapter(mSchedule);                        } else {                          return ;                      }                  } catch (Exception e) {                      Log.v( "test" , e.toString());                  }                             progressbar.setVisibility(View.GONE);                           }                        }          @Override          protected void onStart() { //重写onStart方法                                  //注册用于接收Service传送的广播          dataReceiver = new DataReceiver();          IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(); //创建IntentFilter对象          filter.addAction( "weiboDataChanged" );          registerReceiver(dataReceiver, filter); //注册Broadcast Receiver          NotificationManager m_NotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);          m_NotificationManager.cancel(R.id.TextView01);          super .onStart();            }          @Override          protected void onStop() { //重写onStop方法          unregisterReceiver(dataReceiver);          finish();          super .onStop();          }   }

[2].[代码] [Java]代码 跳至 [1] [2]

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//继承自Service的子类 public class WeiboService extends Service{                            //用于判断微博是否有更新标志          private boolean newDateFlag = false ;                   //微博对象          Weibo weibo;                   NotificationManager m_NotificationManager;           Notification m_Notification;           PendingIntent m_PendingIntent;                    //继承自BroadcastReceiver对象，用于得到Activity发送过来的命令      CommandReceiver cmdReceiver;      boolean flag;           //Service命令列表      int CMD_STOP_SERVICE = 0 ;      int CMD_RESET_SERVICE = 1 ;      int CMD_GET_WEIBO_DATA = 2 ;        @Override      public void onCreate() { //重写onCreate方法          flag = true ;          //初始化新浪weibo open api          System.setProperty( "weibo4j.oauth.consumerKey" , Weibo.CONSUMER_KEY);              System.setProperty( "weibo4j.oauth.consumerSecret" , Weibo.CONSUMER_SECRET);          weibo=OAuthConstant.getInstance().getWeibo();          //注册时，新浪给你的两个字符串，填写上去          weibo.setToken( "xxxxxx" , "xxxxxxxx" );                    m_Notification = new Notification();                    super .onCreate();                }           @Override      public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { //重写onBind方法          // TODO Auto-generated method stub          return null ;      }           //前台Activity调用startService时，该方法自动执行      @Override      public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { //重写onStartCommand方法              cmdReceiver = new CommandReceiver();          IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(); //创建IntentFilter对象          //注册一个广播，用于接收Activity传送过来的命令，控制Service的行为，如：发送数据，停止服务等          //字符串：weibo4andriod.focusme.weiboService为自定义，没有什么要求，一般用包名+文件名，避免重复          //如果重复，Android系统在运行期会显示一个接收相同Action的服务程序列表，供用户选择。          //注册同一个action的程序，能否同时接收广播，待测试.....          filter.addAction( "weibo4andriod.focusme.weiboService" );          //注册Broadcast Receiver          registerReceiver(cmdReceiver, filter);          doJob(); //调用方法启动线程          return super .onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);      }      //方法：      public void doJob(){          new Thread(){              public void run(){                                           ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>> data;                  while (flag){                      try { //睡眠一段时间                              Thread.sleep( 5000 );                      }                      catch (Exception e){                              e.printStackTrace();                      }                                            data = getWeiboData();                                            if (isNewDateFlag()){                          sendNotification( "xxxxxxxxx" );                                                }                      setNewDateFlag( false );                  }                                             }          }.start();      }      //接收Activity传送过来的命令      private class CommandReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{          @Override          public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {              int cmd = intent.getIntExtra( "cmd" , - 1 ); //获取Extra信息                          if (cmd == CMD_STOP_SERVICE){ //如果发来的消息是停止服务                                                     flag = false ; //停止线程                      stopSelf(); //停止服务                          }                   if (cmd == CMD_RESET_SERVICE){ //如果发来的消息是刷新服务                                                          }              if (cmd == CMD_GET_WEIBO_DATA){ //如果发来的消息是发送weibo数据                                                     sendWeiboData();                }          }                                        }      @Override      public void onDestroy() { //重写onDestroy方法          this .unregisterReceiver(cmdReceiver); //取消注册的CommandReceiver          super .onDestroy();      }            /**       * Get Weibo data       */      public ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>> getWeiboData(){                           ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>> weiboDataList                                      = new ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>>();                               HashMap<String, String> map                                          = new HashMap<String, String>();                    List<Status> friendsTimeline;                                   try {                          friendsTimeline = weibo.getUserTimeline();                                                   for (Status status : friendsTimeline) {                                                                   ofCheckNewWeibo(status.getCreatedAt());                                                                   map = new HashMap<String, String>();                           map.put( "CreatedAt" , status.getCreatedAt().toString());                           map.put( "WeiBoText" , status.getText());                                                 weiboDataList.add(map);                            }                        }                  catch (WeiboException e) {                          e.printStackTrace();                  }                  return weiboDataList;      }           private void ofCheckNewWeibo(Date createdAt) {                  // TODO Auto-generated method stub              Date weibolastdate;              Editor editor;                           //通过SharedPreFerence读取和记录系统配置信息              SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences( "weiboDate" ,Context.MODE_PRIVATE);                            weibolastdate = SParseD(preferences.getString( "lastDate" , "Mon Nov 29 16:08:43 +0800 1900" ));                    if (weibolastdate.before(createdAt)){                                                   editor = preferences.edit();                                editor.putString( "lastDate" , createdAt.toString());                                editor.commit();                          setNewDateFlag( true );                  }          }            /**       * 发送有微博更新的通知       * @param sendText       */      public void sendNotification(String sendText){                           Intent intent = new Intent(WeiboService. this ,AndriodFocusMe. class );                        m_Notification.icon=R.drawable.icon;              m_Notification.tickerText=sendText;              m_Notification.defaults=Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;                            m_PendingIntent=PendingIntent.getActivity(WeiboService. this , 0 ,intent, 0 );              m_Notification.setLatestEventInfo(WeiboService. this , "title" , "text" ,m_PendingIntent);              m_NotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);              m_NotificationManager.notify(R.id.TextView01,m_Notification);       }                          /**       * String to Date       * @param date       * @return       */       //比较数据是否为新的      public Date SParseD(String date){              String format = "EEE MMM dd HH:mm:ss Z yyyy" ;          SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(format, Locale.US);                    Date parseDate = null ;                  try {                          parseDate = dateFormat.parse(date);                  } catch (ParseException e) {                          // TODO Auto-generated catch block                          e.printStackTrace();                  }                    return parseDate;      }           public boolean isNewDateFlag() {                  return newDateFlag;          }            public void setNewDateFlag( boolean newDateFlag) {                  this .newDateFlag = newDateFlag;          }                            //发送微博数据列表          public void sendWeiboData() {                  // TODO Auto-generated method stub                  ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>> Data;                    Data = getWeiboData();                                   Intent intent = new Intent(); //创建Intent对象                       Bundle bundle = new Bundle();              //序列化列表，发送后在本地重建数据              bundle.putSerializable( "weibodata" ,Data);              intent.setAction( "weiboDataChanged" );          intent.putExtras(bundle);          sendBroadcast(intent); //发送广播                        } }