Django+FastDFS文件管理系统搭建

FastDFS 介绍

1. 简介

   FastDFS是一款类Google FS的开源分布式文件系统，它用纯C语言实现，支持Linux、FreeBSD、AIX等UNIX系统。它只能通过 专有API对文件进行存取访问，不支持POSIX接口方式，不能mount使用。准确地讲，Google FS以及FastDFS、mogileFS、 HDFS、TFS等类Google FS都不是系统级的分布式文件系统，而是应用级的分布式文件存储服务。

   FastDFS 是一个开源的高性能分布式文件系统（DFS）。 它的主要功能包括：文件存储，文件同步和文件访问，以及高容量和负载平衡。主要解决了海量数据存储问题，特别适合以中小文件（建议范围：4KB < file_size <500MB）为载体的在线服务。

2. 原理导图
   FastDFS架构包括 Tracker server和Storage server。客户端请求Tracker server进行文件上传、下载，通过Trackerserver调度最终由Storage server完成文件上传和下载。

   FastDFS 系统有三个角色：跟踪服务器(Tracker Server)、存储服务器(Storage Server)和客户端 (Client)。

   Tracker Server：跟踪服务器，主要做调度工作，起到均衡的作用；负责管理所有的 storage server和 group，每个 storage 在启动后会连接 Tracker，告知自己所属 group 等信息，并保持周期性心跳。通过Trackerserver在文件上传时可以根据一些策略找到Storageserver提供文件上传服务。

   Storage Server：存储服务器，主要提供容量和备份服务；以 group 为单位，每个 group 内可以有多台 storage server，数据互为备份。Storage server没有实现自己的文件系统而是利用操作系统 的文件系统来管理文件。

   Client：客户端，上传下载数据的服务器，也就是我们自己的项目所部署在的服务器。

3. FastDFS 安装
   1、 安装FastDFS Linux依赖包

   yum install libevent libevent-devel gcc* -y
   

   2、 安装FastDFS的官方依赖包

   wget -O libfastcommon-1.0.39.tar.gz  https://codeload.github.com/happyfish100/libfastcommon/tar.gz/V1.0.39
   
   #解压依赖包
   tar -zxvf libfastcommon-1.0.39.tar.gz
   #编译安装
   cd libfastcommon-1.0.39
   ./make.sh
   ./make.sh install 
   

   3、 配置tracker
   Tracker的配置文件在/etc/fdfs/下，首先为了稳定考虑对配置文件进行备份

   cd /etc/fdfs/
   cp tracker.conf.sample tracker.conf
   vim tracker.conf
   

   #重点修改下面的几个点
   	1、	确保disable是打开的
   	disable=false
   	2、	查看提供服务的端口
   	port=22122
   	3、	指定生产tracker数据和日志的目录
   	base_path=/fastdfs/tracker
   	4、	修改默认的http端口（目的为了防止冲突）
   	http.server_port=9080
   	5、	创建tracker_base的目录
   	mkdir -p /fastdfs/tracker
   	4、	启动tracker
   	#关闭防火墙
   	systemctl stop firewalld 
   

   #启动命令
   systemctl start fdfs_trackerd
   
   #查看状态
   systemctl status fdfs_trackerd
   	```
   
   ```bash
   #如下：
   fdfs_trackerd.service - LSB: FastDFS tracker server
      Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/fdfs_trackerd; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
      Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-06-22 01:53:40 EDT; 47min ago
        Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
     Process: 1017 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/fdfs_trackerd start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      CGroup: /system.slice/fdfs_trackerd.service
              └─1034 /usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf
   
   Jun 22 01:53:40 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting LSB: FastDFS tracker server...
   Jun 22 01:53:40 localhost.localdomain fdfs_trackerd[1017]: Starting FastDFS tracker server:
   Jun 22 01:53:40 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started LSB: FastDFS tracker server.
   #查看端口
   netstat -tulnp|grep fdfs
   #如下：
   tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22122           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1034/fdfs_trackerd
   #设置tracker开机自启动
   chkconfig fdfs_trackerd on
   #关闭tracker
   /etc/init.d/fdfs_trackerd stop
   service fdfs_trackerd stop
   systemctl stop fdfs_trackerd
   

   5、 配置storage
   storage的配置文件目录同样在/etc/fdfs/

   #配置storage
   cd /etc/fdfs/
   cp storage.conf.sample storage.conf
   vim storage.conf
   确保日志当中的以下配置
   disable=false
   group_name=group1
   port=23000
   heart_beat_interval=30
   base_path=/fastdfs/storage/base
   store_path_count=1
   store_path0=/fastdfs/storage
   subdir_count_per_path=256
   tracker_server=192.168.194.158:22122
   sync_start_time=00:00
   sysc_end_time=23:59
   http.server_port=9888
   #创建对应的配置目录
   makedir -p /fastdfs/storage/base
   

   6、 启动storage

   #启动storage
   /etc/init.d/fdfs_storaged start
   service fdfs_storaged start
   systemctl start fdfs_storaged
   
   #查看状态
   systemctl status fdfs_storaged
   #如下
   ● fdfs_storaged.service - LSB: FastDFS storage server
      Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/fdfs_storaged; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
      Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-06-22 01:53:40 EDT; 1h 15min ago
        Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
     Process: 1018 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/fdfs_storaged start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      CGroup: /system.slice/fdfs_storaged.service
              └─1031 /usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf
   
   Jun 22 01:53:40 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting LSB: FastDFS storage server...
   Jun 22 01:53:40 localhost.localdomain fdfs_storaged[1018]: Starting FastDFS storage server:
   Jun 22 01:53:40 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started LSB: FastDFS storage server.
   #查看端口
   netstat -unltp|grep fdfs
   tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:23000           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1031/fdfs_storaged
   #查看tracker和storage是否通信
   fdfs_monitor /etc/fdfs/storage.conf
   #如下
   ……
   server_count=1, server_index=0
   
   tracker server is 192.168.194.158:22122
   
   group count: 1
   
   Group 1:
   group name = group1
   disk total space = 17394 MB
   disk free space = 15770 MB
   trunk free space = 0 MB
   storage server count = 1
   active server count = 1
   storage server port = 23000
   storage HTTP port = 9888
   store path count = 1
   ……
   #配置storage开机启动
   chkconfig fdfs_storaged on
   
   #关闭storage
   /etc/init.d/fdfs_storaged stop
   service fdfs_storaged stop
   systemctl stop fdfs_storaged
   
   7、	配置client
   client的配置文件同样是存放在/etc/fdfs/下
   cd /etc/fdfs/
   cp client.conf.sample client.conf
   vim client.conf
   #配置如下
   base_path=/fastdfs/client
   tracker_server=192.168.194.158:22122
   

   8、 测试上传

   cd /opt/
   fdfs_upload_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf bjh.jpg
   效果如下
   group1/M00/00/00/wKjCnl7wXLSAT0pPAA8GO9kg11w732.jpg 
   Django_FastDFS使用
   	Django fastDFS有两个模块可以选择
   		py3fdfs
   		fdfs_client-py
   其中在windows下，python3环境当中使用fdfs_client-py有大概率遇到兼容问题，所以采用py3fdfs文件。
   pip install py3fdfs
   	文件上传
   
   from fdfs_client.client import Fdfs_client, get_tracker_conf
   
   tracker_path = get_tracker_conf('./client.conf')
   client = Fdfs_client(tracker_path)
   ret = client.upload_by_filename('./by.jpg')
   print(ret)
   #效果如下：
   {'Group name': b'group1', 'Remote file_id': b'group1/M00/00/00/wKjCnl7wcgCAS13GAAA6-XV4BMg226.jpg', 'Status': 'Upload successed.', 'Local file name': './by.jpg', 'Uploaded size': '14.74KB', 'Storage IP': b'192.168.194.158'}
   	    与django进行结合
   from django.shortcuts import render
   from fdfs_client.client import Fdfs_client, get_tracker_conf
   
   def index(request):
       if request.method == "POST":
           file = request.FILES.get("tfile")
           tracker_path = get_tracker_conf('./client.conf')
           client = Fdfs_client(tracker_path)
           ret = client.upload_by_buffer(file.read(),file_ext_name=file.name)
           print(ret)
       return render(request,"index.html")
   

   文件下载
   文件修改和文件下载文件删除都需要有文件的remote_file_id，这个id在文件上传的时候回返回

   #保存文件返回的数据
   {'Group name': b'group1', 'Remote file_id': b'group1/M00/00/00/wKjCnl7wcgCAS13GAAA6-XV4BMg226.jpg', 'Status': 'Upload successed.', 'Local file name': './by.jpg', 'Uploaded size': '14.74KB', 'Storage IP': b'192.168.194.158'}
   
   from fdfs_client.client import Fdfs_client, get_tracker_conf
   
   tracker_path = get_tracker_conf('./client.conf')
   client = Fdfs_client(tracker_path)
   ret = client.download_to_buffer(remote_name)
   print(ret)
   与django进行结合
   #数据建模
   from django.db import models
   
   class FileManager(models.Model):
       file_name = models.CharField(max_length = 128)
       remote_name = models.CharField(max_length = 128)
       upload_size = models.CharField(max_length = 32)
       file_type = models.CharField(max_length = 32)
       upload_time = models.DateTimeField()
       change_time = models.DateTimeField()
       group_name = models.CharField(max_length = 32)
       storage_ip = models.CharField(max_length = 64)
   
   #视图文件文件上传
   import os
   import datetime
   from django.shortcuts import render
   from django.http import JsonResponse
   from fdfs_client.client import Fdfs_client, get_tracker_conf
   
   from FileManager.models import FileManager
   
   def upload(request):
       result = {"code": "","data": [],"state": ""}
       if request.method == "POST":
           file = request.FILES.get("file")
           file_name = file.name
   
           client = os.path.join(
               os.path.dirname(__file__),"client.conf"
           )
   
           tracker_path = get_tracker_conf(client)
           try:
               client = Fdfs_client(tracker_path)
               ret = client.upload_by_buffer(file.read(), file_ext_name = file_name)
           except Exception as e:
               result["code"] = 500
               result["state"] = str(e)
               result["data"].append(str(e))
           else:
               f = FileManager()
               f.file_name = file_name
               f.remote_name = ret.get("Remote file_id").decode()
               f.upload_size = ret.get("Uploaded size")
               f.file_type = "图片"
               f.upload_time = datetime.datetime.now()
               f.change_time = datetime.datetime.now()
               f.group_name = ret.get("Group name").decode()
               f.storage_ip = ret.get("Storage IP").decode()
               f.save()
               result["code"] = 200
               result["state"] = "上传成功"
               result["data"].append({
                       "file_name": file_name,
                       "file_size": f.upload_size,
                       "file_id": f.id
               })
       else:
           result["code"] = 403
           result["state"] = "请求失败"
           result["data"].append("请求失败")
       return JsonResponse(result)
   
   #文件下载
   def download(request):
       result = {"code": "", "data": [], "state": ""}
       id_list = request.GET.getlist("file")
       for id in id_list:
           file = FileManager.objects.filter(id=id).first()
   
           if file:
               client = os.path.join(
                   os.path.dirname(__file__), "client.conf"
               )
               tracker_path = get_tracker_conf(client)
               client = Fdfs_client(tracker_path)
               filename = file.file_name
               remote_name = file.remote_name.replace("b'","").replace("'","")
               with open(filename,"wb") as f:
   
                   content = client.download_to_buffer(remote_name.encode())
                   f.write(content["Content"])
               result["code"] = 200
               result["data"].append("下载完成")
               result["state"] = "下载完成"
           else:
               result["code"] = 400
               result["data"].append("id 为 %s的文件不存在"%id)
               result["state"] = "不完整下载"
               continue
   
       return JsonResponse(result)
   

   版本迭代思路：
   下载文件的路径设置
   基于文件管理的用户管理系统