django项目部署(django+guncorn+virtualenv+nginx)

最新推荐文章于 2021-07-22 00:53:07 发布

skytec

最新推荐文章于 2021-07-22 00:53:07 发布

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签： Python django nginx gunicorn virtualenv

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u014332462/article/details/79517803

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一、说明

为了试django项目部署到生产环境上，能够稳定的运行，且能够同时指出http和https的访问，对django的部署进行了一些研究，决定采用django + gunicorn + virtualenv +nginx + mysql的方式进行部署，下面是本次部署项目的目录结构：

二、虚拟包的制作

本次部署是采用virtualenv方式的部署，考虑到可能在多台机器上进行部署(例如：在多台测试机器上部署)，所以为了减少Python模块包的安装，决定将虚拟环境打成包的形式，可以考到任意一台环境上执行，避免了在每台机器上都要安装相应的模块包，一下是虚拟包的制作方法：

首先在你的linux的服务器上安装python2.7， ./configure --prefix=/home/kxdqa/mock-server/py，然后执行make && make install 进行python的安装
安装完python后，进行virtualenv的安装
然后创建你所需要的python的虚拟env环境，virtualenv -p /home/kxdqa/mock-server/py/bin/python2.7 /home/kxdqa/mock-server/myenv，myenv里面会产生一个bin目录和一个lib目录，bin里面有python，activate,easy_install,而且以后你要装django，django-admin.py也会放到这里，lib目录下有site-package,装的lib会放到这里来.
然后进入到虚拟环境myenv中，. bin/activate,进入虚拟环境展示如下：
(myenv) [root@test_172_30_131_183 myenv]#
然后在虚拟环境进行你所需要的模块包的安装
为了虚拟包可以在别的机器上依然可以运行，则需要修改bin/activate这个脚本，找到设置VIRTUAL_ENV变亮的地方，改成如下:
export VIRTUAL_ENV=`pwd`
本次的服务器部署包，需要再安装gunicorn，安装方式可以采用pip或者源码安装都行
然后将myenv打包即可

三、django项目的配置

1.gunicorn的配置

在当前的django项目下，添加gunicorn的配置文件gunicorn.conf.py,内容如下：

import multiprocessing

# 绑定ip和端口
bind = "0.0.0.0:8088"

# 用于处理工作进程的数量
workers = multiprocessing.cpu_count() * 2 + 1

# 错误日志
errorlog = "/home/kxdqa/logic_mock/logs/gunicorn.error.log"

注：gunicorn的配置详解见：点击打开链接

2.django静态文件的配置

在django项目的settings.py配置文件中，添加STATIC_ROOT的配置，配置如下：

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'collect_static/')

执行python manage.py collectstatic命令，就会将所有的静态文件复制一份到collect_static的文件夹下

3.尝试启动

gunicorn的启动方式有两种：

使用配置文件的方式：gunicorn logic_mock.wsgi:application -c /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/gunicorn.conf.py
不使用配置文件的方式：gunicorn logic_mock.wsgi:application -b 0.0.0.0:8088

guncorn的启动后的关闭命令：ps aux | grep -Ei 'logic_mock.wsgi' | grep -v 'grep' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill

四、Nginx的安装

1.安装

安装gcc编译模块：yum install gcc
安装g++编译模块：yum install gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel
安装nginx的依赖包：
yum -y install pcre-devel

yum install -y zlib-devel yum install -y openssl（安装nginx报错的，把这个装上）

下载nginx的安装包，进行安装：

./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module 编译安装：make && make install

注：后面的 --with必须要有，不然nginx进行ssl设置的话，会出错

验证是否安装成功：cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ . nginx 进行启动(如果启动失败的话，查看80端口是否被占用) 然后到浏览器上输入ip地址，看是否出现nginx的欢迎上，如果出现则安装成功

2.nginx配置

编写nginx的启动脚本，将脚本放到/etc/init.d下，脚本如下：

#!/bin/bash
#nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server

# it is v.0.0.2 version.

# chkconfig: - 85 15

# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.

# It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.

# processname: nginx

# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid

# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginx_pid=/var/run/nginx.pid

RETVAL=0

prog="nginx"

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.

. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.

[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0

[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0

# Start nginx daemons functions.

start() {

if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then

echo "nginx already running...."

exit 1

fi

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx

return $RETVAL

}

# Stop nginx daemons functions.

stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc $nginxd

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /var/run/nginx.pid

}

# reload nginx service functions.

reload() {

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

#kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`

killproc $nginxd -HUP

RETVAL=$?

echo

}

# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

reload)

reload

;;

restart)

stop

start

;;

status)

status $prog

RETVAL=$?

;;

*)

echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"

exit 1

esac

exit $RETVAL

执行如下命令，添加到服务中：

chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/nginx

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

chkconfig --add nginx

至此，nginx安装成功

service nginx start 启动

servie nginx stop 停止

service nginx help 帮助

对nginx配置django项目，配置文件nginx.conf如下：

user root;
worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

#pid logs/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

#access_log logs/access.log main;

sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;

#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;

#gzip on;

server {
listen 80 default backlog=2048;
listen 443 ssl;
server_name localhost;
access_log /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/logs/nginx_access.log;
error_log /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/logs/nginx_error.log;
charset utf-8;

ssl_certificate /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/cert/logic_server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/cert/logic_server.key;

#ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1.2;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:AES256-SHA256:RC4:HIGH:!MD5:!aNULL:!eNULL:!NULL:!DH:!EDH:!AESGCM;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
#ssl_session_timeout 5m;
#index index.html index.htm

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
#
location / {
#proxy_redirect off;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8088;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}

location ~ ^/(media|static) {
root /home/kxdqa/logic_mock;
expires 30d;
}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;

# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}

# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443;
# server_name localhost;

# ssl on;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;

# ssl_session_timeout 5m;

# ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}

}

至此，django项目安装完成，一次启动nginx和gunicorn即可(如果需要使用https，则需要在目录结构的certs目录下，添加ssl证书，然后在nginx中改变证书的名字，重启nginx即可)

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django项目部署(django+guncorn+virtualenv+nginx)

一、说明为了试django项目部署到生产环境上，能够稳定的运行，且能够同时指出http和https的访问，对django的部署进行了一些研究，决定采用django + gunicorn + virtualenv +nginx + mysql的方式进行部署，下面是本次部署项目的目录结构：二、虚拟包的制作本次...
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