iOS本地数据存储方面,常用的方法有好几种,比如plist,xml,NSUserDefaults,keychain等,但是,各自都有各自的特点,通常情况下,我们用NSUserDefaults存储数据信息,但是对于一些私密信息,比如密码、证书等等,就需要使用更为安全的keychain了。keychain里保存的信息不会因App被删除而丢失,在用户重新安装App后依然有效,数据还在。
使用苹果官方发布的KeychainItemWrapper或者SFHFKeychainUtils很方便
APPLE: https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/samplecode/GenericKeychain/Introduction/Intro.html1、NSUserDefaults
一般情况下,由于NSUserDefaults存储的数据不够安全,用户可以随意根据自己的需要更改里面的数据,所以NSUserDefaults一般只会被用来存储App的设置数据等,这就好比web中的cookie,同样可以存储数据,但是不够安全。
上代码
Setting.h:
1 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2
3 typedef enum {
4 ST_Music = 100,
5 ST_Volume,
6 ST_Push,
7 ST_Num
8 }SettingType;//各种设置的枚举
9
10 @interface Setting : NSObject
11 //读取getter
12 + (bool)getIsEnableByType:(SettingType)type;
13 //设置setter
14 + (void)setIsEnable:(bool)isEnable byType:(SettingType)type;
15 //清空数据
16 + (void)resetData;
17
18 @end
setting.mm
1 #import "Setting.h"
2
3 #define KEY_SETTING @"BeautyPics_"
4
5 @implementation Setting
6
7 + (void)resetData
8 {
9 for (SettingType type = ST_Music; type < ST_Num; type++) {
10 [self setIsEnable:true byType: type];//默认全部为true
11 }
12 }
13
14 + (bool)getIsEnableByType:(SettingType)type
15 {
16 NSString * key = [KEY_SETTING stringByAppendingFormat:@"%d", type];
17 id isEnable = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey: key];
18 if (isEnable == nil) {
19 [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool: true] forKey:key];
20 [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
21 return true;
22 }
23 return [isEnable boolValue];
24 }
25
26 + (void)setIsEnable:(bool)isEnable byType:(SettingType)type
27 {
28 NSString * key = [KEY_SETTING stringByAppendingFormat:@"%d", type];
29
30 if ([self getIsEnableByType: type] != isEnable) {
31 [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool: isEnable] forKey:key];
32 [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]synchronize];
33 }
34 }
35
36 @end
以上代码一目了然,需要注意的是,每次设置完数据之后,一定要通过[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize]来同步,否则数据将不会保存起来。
2、keychain
既然NSUserDefaults不够安全,那么有没有一些比较安全的本地数据存储方式呢,答案当然是有的,这就是keychain,keychain只能该App本身访问,其他的App不能访问(当然现在只要通过设置是可以的。但是要通过这种形式:App1同意App2访问,App2才能访问到App1所存储的keychain)。关于keychain的文章很多,我不重复其原理,这里举出其用法,keychain的存储方式同样也是字典,也就是NSMutableDictionary,下面上代码:
![](http://www.2cto.com/uploadfile/2013/1106/20131106010851813.jpeg)
(1)保存数据。其中data可以是NSArray、NSSet,NSDictionary等,一般情况下这三种数据结构已经足够用了。service就是要存储的key了。
+ (void)saveData:(NSString *)service data:(id)data{
//Get search dictionary
NSMutableDictionary *keychainQuery = [self getKeychainQuery:service];
//Delete old item before add new item
SecItemDelete((CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery);
//Add new object to search dictionary(Attention:the data format) [keychainQuery setObject:[NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:data] forKey:(id)kSecValueData];
//Add item to keychain with the search dictionary
SecItemAdd((CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery, NULL);
}
(2)读取数据。直接通过保存数据是使用的key即可读取所存数据。
+ (id)loadData:(NSString *)service{
id ret = nil;
NSMutableDictionary *keychainQuery = [self getKeychainQuery:service];
//Configure the search setting
//Since in our simple case we are expecting only a single attribute to be returned (the password) we can set the attribute kSecReturnData to kCFBooleanTrue
[keychainQuery setObject:(id)kCFBooleanTrue forKey:(id)kSecReturnData];
[keychainQuery setObject:(id)kSecMatchLimitOne forKey:(id)kSecMatchLimit];
CFDataRef keyData = NULL;
if (SecItemCopyMatching((CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery, (CFTypeRef *)&keyData) == noErr) {
@try {
ret = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:(NSData *)keyData];
} @catch (NSException *e) {
NSLog(@"Unarchive of %@ failed: %@", service, e);
} @finally { }
}
if (keyData)
CFRelease(keyData);
return ret;
}
+ (NSMutableDictionary *)getKeychainQuery:(NSString *)service{
NSMutableDictionary * dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:(id)kSecClassGenericPassword,(id)kSecClass,service, (id)kSecAttrService,service, (id)kSecAttrAccount,(id)kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock,(id)kSecAttrAccessible,nil];
return dict;
}
(2)demo。以上已经可以实现使用keychain读取和存储数据了。那么接下来我们来一小段demo。
比如我要存储NSDictionary,用户名为“阿泰”,密码为“123456”,则:
1 NSDictionary * dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"阿泰",@"key_username",@"123456",@"key_pwd", nil];2 [Keychain saveData:KEY_USER_DATA_ALL data: dict];
其中 KEY_USER_DATA_ALL 为所保存的数据的key,可以通过这个key把保存的字典读出来。
读取时,如下:
1 NSDictionary * loadDict = [Keychain loadData: KEY_USER_DATA_ALL];