在上文中提到了Lock接口以及对象,使用它,很优雅的控制了竞争资源的安全访问,但是这种锁不区分读写,称这种锁为普通锁。为了提高性能,Java提供了读写锁,在读的地方使用读锁,在写的地方使用写锁,灵活控制,在一定程度上提高了程序的执行效率。
Java中读写锁有个接口java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock,也有具体的实现ReentrantReadWriteLock,详细的API可以查看JavaAPI文档。
下面这个例子是在文例子的基础上,将普通锁改为读写锁,并添加账户余额查询的功能,代码如下:
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
/**
* Java线程:锁
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-11-5 10:57:29
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建并发访问的账户
MyCount myCount = new MyCount("95599200901215522", 10000);
//创建一个锁对象
ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(false);
//创建一个线程池
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
//创建一些并发访问用户,一个信用卡,存的存,取的取,好热闹啊
User u1 = new User("张三", myCount, -4000, lock, false);
User u2 = new User("张三他爹", myCount, 6000, lock, false);
User u3 = new User("张三他弟", myCount, -8000, lock, false);
User u4 = new User("张三", myCount, 800, lock, false);
User u5 = new User("张三他爹", myCount, 0, lock, true);
//在线程池中执行各个用户的操作
pool.execute(u1);
pool.execute(u2);
pool.execute(u3);
pool.execute(u4);
pool.execute(u5);
//关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
}
/**
* 信用卡的用户
*/
class User implements Runnable {
private String name; //用户名
private MyCount myCount; //所要操作的账户
private int iocash; //操作的金额,当然有正负之分了
private ReadWriteLock myLock; //执行操作所需的锁对象
private boolean ischeck; //是否查询
User(String name, MyCount myCount, int iocash, ReadWriteLock myLock, boolean ischeck) {
this.name = name;
this.myCount = myCount;
this.iocash = iocash;
this.myLock = myLock;
this.ischeck = ischeck;
}
public void run() {
if (ischeck) {
//获取读锁
myLock.readLock().lock();
System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + myCount + "账户,当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
//释放读锁
myLock.readLock().unlock();
} else {
//获取写锁
myLock.writeLock().lock();
//执行现金业务
System.out.println("写:" + name + "正在操作" + myCount + "账户,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
myCount.setCash(myCount.getCash() + iocash);
System.out.println("写:" + name + "操作" + myCount + "账户成功,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
//释放写锁
myLock.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
}
/**
* 信用卡账户,可随意透支
*/
class MyCount {
private String oid; //账号
private int cash; //账户余额
MyCount(String oid, int cash) {
this.oid = oid;
this.cash = cash;
}
public String getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(String oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
public int getCash() {
return cash;
}
public void setCash(int cash) {
this.cash = cash;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyCount{" +
"oid='" + oid + '\'' +
", cash=" + cash +
'}';
}
}
写:张三正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=10000}账户,金额为-4000,当前金额为10000
写:张三操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}账户成功,金额为-4000,当前金额为6000
写:张三他弟正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}账户,金额为-8000,当前金额为6000
写:张三他弟操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-2000}账户成功,金额为-8000,当前金额为-2000
写:张三正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-2000}账户,金额为800,当前金额为-2000
写:张三操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-1200}账户成功,金额为800,当前金额为-1200
读:张三他爹正在查询MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-1200}账户,当前金额为-1200
写:张三他爹正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-1200}账户,金额为6000,当前金额为-1200
写:张三他爹操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=4800}账户成功,金额为6000,当前金额为4800
Process finished with exit code 0
在实际开发中,最好在能用读写锁的情况下使用读写锁,而不要用普通锁,以求更好的性能。
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