多进程并发服务器
client.c
/* client.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "wrap.h"
#define MAXLINE 8192
#define SERV_PORT 8000
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
char buf[MAXLINE];
int sockfd, n;
sockfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &servaddr.sin_addr);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
Connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL)
{
Write(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf));
n = Read(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE);
if (n == 0)
{
printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
break;
}
else
Write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
}
Close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
server.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "wrap.h"
#define MAXLINE 8192
#define SERV_PORT 8000
void do_sigchild(int num)
{
while (waitpid(0, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0);
}
int main(void)
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
socklen_t cliaddr_len;
int listenfd, connfd;
char buf[MAXLINE];
char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
int i, n;
pid_t pid;
//临时屏蔽sigchld信号
sigset_t myset;
sigemptyset(&myset);
sigaddset(&myset, SIGCHLD);
// 自定义信号集 -》 内核阻塞信号集
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &myset, NULL);
listenfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
int opt = 1;
// 设置端口复用
setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
Bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
Listen(listenfd, 20);
printf("Accepting connections ...\n");
while (1)
{
cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr);
connfd = Accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &cliaddr_len);
// 有新的连接则创建一个进程
pid = fork();
if (pid == 0)
{
Close(listenfd);
while (1)
{
n = Read(connfd, buf, MAXLINE);
printf("client IP: %s, PORT %d\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)),
ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
if (n == 0)
{
printf("the client has been closed.\n");
break;
}
printf("received from client: %s\n", buf);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
printf("send to client: %s\n", buf);
Write(connfd, buf, n);
}
Close(connfd);
return 0;
}
else if (pid > 0)
{
struct sigaction act;
act.sa_flags = 0;
act.sa_handler = do_sigchild;
sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
sigaction(SIGCHLD, &act, NULL);
// 解除对sigchld信号的屏蔽
sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &myset, NULL);
Close(connfd);
}
else
{
perr_exit("fork");
}
}
return 0;
}
makefile，wrap.c和wrap.h文件和前面一章一样
多线程并发服务器
server.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include "wrap.h"
#define MAXLINE 8192
#define SERV_PORT 8000
struct s_info
{ //定义一个结构体, 将地址结构跟cfd捆绑
struct sockaddr_in cliaddr;
int connfd;
pthread_t tid;
};
void *do_work(void *arg)
{
int n,i;
struct s_info *ts = (struct s_info*)arg;
char buf[MAXLINE];
char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; //#define INET_ADDRSTRLEN 16 可用"[+d"查看
while (1)
{
n = Read(ts->connfd, buf, MAXLINE); //读客户端
if (n == 0)
{
printf("the client %d closed...\n", ts->connfd);
close(ts->connfd);
break; //跳出循环,关闭cfd
}
printf("received from %s at PORT %d\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(*ts).cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)),
ntohs((*ts).cliaddr.sin_port)); //打印客户端信息(IP/PORT)
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]); //小写-->大写
}
Write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n); //写出至屏幕
Write(ts->connfd, buf, n); //回写给客户端
}
Close(ts->connfd);
return NULL;
}
int main(void)
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
socklen_t cliaddr_len;
int listenfd, connfd;
struct s_info ts[256]; //根据最大线程数创建结构体数组.
int i = 0;
listenfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); //创建一个socket, 得到lfd
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)); //地址结构清零
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); //指定本地任意IP
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT); //指定端口号 8000
Bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)); //绑定
Listen(listenfd, 128); //设置同一时刻链接服务器上限数
printf("Accepting client connect ...\n");
for(i = 0; i < 256; i++)
{
ts[i].connfd = -1;
}
while (1)
{
cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr);
connfd = Accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &cliaddr_len); //阻塞监听客户端链接请求
for(i = 0; i < 256; i++)
{
if(ts[i].connfd == -1)
break;
}
if(i == 256)
break;
ts[i].cliaddr = cliaddr;
ts[i].connfd = connfd;
pthread_create(&ts[i].tid, NULL, do_work, (void*)&ts[i]);
pthread_detach(ts[i].tid); //子线程分离,防止僵线程产生.
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
return 0;
}
client.c
/* client.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "wrap.h"
#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 8000
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
char buf[MAXLINE];
int sockfd, n;
sockfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
Connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL)
{
Write(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf));
n = Read(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE);
if (n == 0)
printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
else
Write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
}
Close(sockfd);
return 0;
}多路I/O转接服务器
多路IO转接服务器也叫做多任务IO服务器。该类服务器实现的主旨思想是，不再由应用程序自己监视客户端连接，取而代之由内核替应用程序监视文件。主要有select、poll和epoll三种。
一、select
1.select能监听的文件描述符个数受限于FD_SETSIZE,一般为1024，单纯改变进程打开的文件描述符个数并不能改变select监听文件个数
2.解决1024以下客户端时使用select是很合适的，但如果链接客户端过多，select采用的是轮询模型，会大大降低服务器响应效率，不应在select上投入更多精力
#include <sys/select.h>
/* According to earlier standards */
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int select(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds,
fd_set *exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout);
nfds: 监控的文件描述符集里最大文件描述符加1，因为此参数会告诉内核检测前多少个文件描述符的状态
readfds： 监控有读数据到达文件描述符集合，传入传出参数
writefds： 监控写数据到达文件描述符集合，传入传出参数
exceptfds： 监控异常发生达文件描述符集合,如带外数据到达异常，传入传出参数
timeout： 定时阻塞监控时间，3种情况
1.NULL，永远等下去
2.设置timeval，等待固定时间
3.设置timeval里时间均为0，检查描述字后立即返回，轮询
struct timeval {
long tv_sec; /* seconds */
long tv_usec; /* microseconds */
};
void FD_CLR(int fd, fd_set *set); //把文件描述符集合里fd清0
int FD_ISSET(int fd, fd_set *set); //测试文件描述符集合里fd是否置1
void FD_SET(int fd, fd_set *set); //把文件描述符集合里fd位置1
void FD_ZERO(fd_set *set); //把文件描述符集合里所有位清0
select的server端程序
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#define SERV_PORT 8989
int main(int argc, const char* argv[])
{
int lfd, cfd;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, cliaddr;
int serv_len, clien_len;
char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
int i, j;
// 创建套接字
lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
// 初始化服务器 sockaddr_in
memset(&serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr));
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; // 地址族
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); // 监听本机所有的IP
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT); // 设置端口
serv_len = sizeof(serv_addr);
// 绑定IP和端口
bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, serv_len);
// 设置同时监听的最大个数
listen(lfd, 36);
printf("Start accept ......\n");
int ret;
int maxfd = lfd;
// reads 实时更新，temps 内核检测
fd_set reads, temps;
FD_ZERO(&reads);
FD_SET(lfd, &reads);
while(1)
{
temps = reads;
ret = select(maxfd+1, &temps, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if(ret == -1)
{
perror("select error");
exit(1);
}
// 判断是否有新连接
if(FD_ISSET(lfd, &temps))
{
// 接受连接请求
clien_len = sizeof(clien_len);
int cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr, &clien_len);
printf("accept client %s at PORT %d connect\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)), ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
// 文件描述符放入检测集合
FD_SET(cfd, &reads);
// 更新最大文件描述符
maxfd = maxfd < cfd ? cfd : maxfd;
}
// 遍历检测的文件描述符是否有读操作
for(i=lfd+1; i<=maxfd; ++i)
{
if(FD_ISSET(i, &temps))
{
// 读数据
char buf[1024] = {0};
int len = read(i, buf, sizeof(buf));
if(len == -1)
{
perror("read error");
exit(1);
}
else if(len == 0)
{
// 对方关闭了连接
printf("client: %s closed.\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)));
FD_CLR(i, &reads);
close(i);
if(maxfd == i)
{
maxfd--;
}
}
else
{
printf("received:%s\nfrom %s at PORT %d\n",buf,
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)), ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
for(j=0; j<len; ++j)
{
buf[j] = toupper(buf[j]);
}
printf("--buf toupper: %s\n", buf);
write(i, buf, strlen(buf)+1);
}
}
}
}
close(lfd);
return 0;
}服务端结果：
客户端结果：
二、poll
#include <poll.h>
int poll(struct pollfd *fds, nfds_t nfds, int timeout);
struct pollfd {
int fd; /* 文件描述符 */
short events; /* 监控的事件 */
short revents; /* 监控事件中满足条件返回的事件 */
};
event主要参数
POLLIN 普通或带外优先数据可读,即POLLRDNORM | POLLRDBAND
POLLOUT 普通或带外数据可写
POLLERR 发生错误
nfds 监控数组中有多少文件描述符需要被监控
timeout 毫秒级等待
-1：阻塞等，#define INFTIM -1
0：立即返回，不阻塞进程
>0：等待指定毫秒数，如当前系统时间精度不够毫秒，向上取值如果不再监控某个文件描述符时，可以把pollfd中，fd设置为-1，poll不再监控此pollfd，下次返回时，把revents设置为0。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <poll.h>
#define SERV_PORT 8989
int main(int argc, const char* argv[])
{
int lfd, cfd;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, clien_addr;
char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
int serv_len, clien_len;
int i, k;
// 创建套接字
lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
// 初始化服务器 sockaddr_in
memset(&serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr));
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; // 地址族
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); // 监听本机所有的IP
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT); // 设置端口
serv_len = sizeof(serv_addr);
// 绑定IP和端口
bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, serv_len);
// 设置同时监听的最大个数
listen(lfd, 36);
printf("Start accept ......\n");
// poll结构体
struct pollfd allfd[1024];
int max_index = 0;
// init
for(i=0; i<1024; ++i)
{
allfd[i].fd = -1;
allfd[i].events = POLLIN;
}
allfd[0].fd = lfd;
allfd[0].events = POLLIN;
while(1)
{
int ret = poll(allfd, max_index+1, -1);
if(ret == -1)
{
perror("poll error");
exit(1);
}
// 判断是否有连接请求
if(allfd[0].revents & POLLIN)
{
clien_len = sizeof(clien_addr);
// 接受连接请求
int cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&clien_addr, &clien_len);
printf("============\n");
printf("received from %s at PORT %d\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &clien_addr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)), ntohs(clien_addr.sin_port));
// cfd添加到ｐｏｌｌ数组
for(i=1; i<1024; ++i)
{
if(allfd[i].fd == -1)
{
allfd[i].fd = cfd;
break;
}
}
// 更新最后一个元素的下标
max_index = max_index < i ? i : max_index;
}
// 遍历数组
for(i=1; i<=max_index; ++i)
{
int fd = allfd[i].fd;
if(fd == -1)
{
continue;
}
if(allfd[i].revents & POLLIN)
{
// 接受数据
char buf[1024] = {0};
int len = recv(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
if(len == -1)
{
perror("recv error");
exit(1);
}
else if(len == 0)
{
allfd[i].fd = -1;
close(fd);
printf("客户端已经主动断开连接。。。\n");
}
else
{
printf("recv buf = %s\n", buf);
for(k=0; k<len; ++k)
{
buf[k] = toupper(buf[k]);
}
printf("buf toupper: %s\n", buf);
send(fd, buf, strlen(buf)+1, 0);
}
}
}
}
close(lfd);
return 0;
}
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