express+nodejs编程

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-06 16:12:28 发布

soputasmile11

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-06 16:12:28 发布

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分类专栏： nodejs 文章标签： express nodejs

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u014473112/article/details/51916135

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参考：nodejs菜鸟入门

一、初体验
server.js

/**
 * Created by CHENGVI on 7/15/2016.
 */
var http = require("http"),
    //URL模块可以读取URL、分析诸如hostname、port之类的信息
    url  = require("url");

//传入 route (回调函数)
function start(route) {
    function onRequest(request, response) {
        var pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;
        console.log("请求 "+pathname+" ，事件");

        route(pathname);

        response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
        response.write("Hi NodeJS");
        response.end();
    }

    http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8080);
    console.log("成功的提示：httpd start @8080");
}
exports.start = start;

router.js

/**
 * Created by CHENGVI on 7/15/2016.
 */
function route(pathname) {
    console.log("请求路径是：" + pathname);
}
exports.route = route;

index.js

/**
 * Created by CHENGVI on 7/15/2016.
 */
var server = require("./server");
var router = require("./router");
server.start(router.route);

显示：
首先我们在cmd中敲：node index.js
命令行显示：
这里写图片描述
这里出现了乱码，前面的问号应该就是“成功的提示”
然后我在浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/显示如下：

紧接着输出的应该就是“请求/事件”以及“请求路径是：/”

处理流程：
首先我们用node index.js时，会处理index.js的代码：

var server = require("./server"); 
var router = require("./router");
server.start(router.route);

前面两句话是依赖不用管它，处理的语句是第三句，就是调用了server.start()方法，并且传入router.route这个回调函数，于是就执行server.start()方法：

function start(route) {
    function onRequest(request, response) {
        var pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;
        console.log("请求 "+pathname+" ，事件");

        route(pathname);

        response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
        response.write("Hi NodeJS");
        response.end();
    }

    http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8080);
    console.log("成功的提示：httpd start @8080");
}

在刚开始没有在浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/时，没有请求，所以function onRequest()方法不被执行，于是只输出“成功的提示：http start @8080”，当输入这个网址之后，有了请求，首先输出“请求/事件”，然后执行route()方法：

function route(pathname) {
    console.log("请求路径是：" + pathname);
}

这个route方法输出“请求路径是：/”

二、函数编程
创建一个requestHandler.js模块

/**
 * Created by CHENGVI on 7/15/2016.
 */
function  start() {
    console.log("chu li qing qiu"+"start"+"kai qi");
    //return "start";
}
function upload(){
    console.log("chu li qing qiu"+"upload"+ " kai qi");
    //return " upload";
}
exports.start=start;
exports.upload=upload;

进行对象传递：
将一系列请求处理程序通过一个对象handle来传递，并且需要使用松耦合将handle注入到route()函数中
1、先将这个对象引入到主文件index.js中

/**
 * Created by CHENGVI on 7/15/2016.
 */
var server = require("./server"),
    router = require("./router"),
    requestHandlers = require("./requestHandlers");

var handle = {};
handle["/"] = requestHandlers.start;
handle["/start"] = requestHandlers.start;
handle["/upload"] = requestHandlers.upload;

server.start(router.route, handle);

2、将handle给服务器server.js

/**
 * Created by CHENGVI on 7/15/2016.
 */
var http=require("http"),
    url=require("url");

function start(route,handle){
    function onRequest(request,response){
        var pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;
        console.log("qing qiu"+pathname+"xiang ying");

       route(handle,pathname);
        response.writeHead(200,{"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
        response.write("hi, Vivien");
        response.end();
    }
    http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8080);
    console.log("cheng gong : httpd start @8080");
}

exports.start = start;

3、router.js

function route(handle,pathname){
    console.log("route"+pathname);
    if(typeof handle[pathname]==='function'){
          handle[pathname]();
    }else{
        console.log(" zhao bu dao lu jing"+pathname);
        return "not found"
    }
}
exports.route=route;

在cmd中敲入node index.js之后，在浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/start，运行结果
这里写图片描述
再访问http://localhost:8080/upload

三、传递数据
1、用post请求提交给服务器文本区中的内容：requestHandler.js

/**
 * Created by CHENGVI on 7/15/2016.
 */
function  start(response,postData) {  //其实start方法没有用到postData这个参数，但是为了和upload保持一致要加上
    console.log("chu li qing qiu"+"start"+"kai qi");

    var body='<html>'+
            '<head>'+
             '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; '+
            'charset=UTF-8" />'+
            '</head>'+
            '<body>'+
            '<form action="/upload" method="post">'+
            '<textarea name="text" rows="20" cols="60"></textarea>'+
            '<input type="submit" value=" 提 交 " />'+
            '</form>'+
            '</body>'+
            '</html>';
    response.writeHead(200,{"Content-Type":"text/html"}); //注意这里的类型是"text/html"
    response.write(body);
    response.end();
}
function upload(response,postData){
    console.log("chu li qing qiu "+"upload"+ " kai qi");
    response.writeHead(200,{"Content-Type" : "text/plain"});
    response.write("upload data" + decodeURIComponent(postData));
    response.end();
}
exports.start=start;
exports.upload=upload;

2、通过在request对象上注册监听器来实现这些时间的触发，以及回调，request对象是每次接收到http请求的时候，就会把该对象传递给onRequest回调函数

request.addListener("data", function(chunk) {
  // called when a new chunk of data was received
});

request.addListener("end", function() {
  // called when all chunks of data have been received
});

因为获取所有来自请求的数据，然后将这些数据交给应用层处理，应该是http服务器要做到的事情，所以上面的函数处理可以放到server.js中，然后将接收到的数据传递给请求路由和请求处理器，让他们来进行进一步的处理
server.js

/**
 * Created by CHENGVI on 7/15/2016.
 */
var http=require("http"),
    url=require("url");

function start(route,handle){
    function onRequest(request,response){
        var postData ='';
        var pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;
        console.log("qing qiu"+pathname+"xiang ying");

        request.setEncoding('UTF-8');

        request.addListener('data',function(postDataChunk){
            postData =+ postDataChunk;
            console.log("shou dao shujukuai"+postDataChunk+".");
        })

        request.addListener('end',function(){
            route(handle,pathname,response,postData);
        })

    }
    http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8080);
    console.log("cheng gong : httpd start @8080");
}

exports.start = start;

3、接下来，需要在/upload页面展示用户输入的内容，将postData传递给请求处理程序router.js

function route(handle,pathname,response,postData){
    console.log("route"+pathname);
    if(typeof handle[pathname]==='function'){
          handle[pathname](response,postData);
    }else{
        console.log(" zhao bu dao lu jing"+pathname);
         //"not found"
        response.writeHead(404, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
        response.write("404 Not found");
        response.end();
    }
}
exports.route=route;

运行结果：
http://localhost:8080/start
这里写图片描述
输入值：

提交：

我们大都时候要的只是text本身，可以通过querystring得到：

var querystring=require('querystring')
function start(response, postData) {
    console.log("chu li qing qiu  'start' kai qi.");

    var body = '<html>'+
        '<head>'+
        '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; '+
        'charset=UTF-8" />'+
        '</head>'+
        '<body>'+
        '<form action="/upload" method="post">'+
        '<textarea name="text" rows="20" cols="60"></textarea>'+
        '<input type="submit" value=" 提 交 " />'+
        '</form>'+
        '</body>'+
        '</html>';

    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/html"});
    response.write(body);
    response.end();

}

function upload(response, postData) {
    console.log("chu li qing qiu  'upload' kai qi .");
    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
    response.write("upload data:" + querystring.parse(decodeURIComponent(postData)).text);
    response.end();
}

exports.start = start;
exports.upload = upload;

提交数据后得到：
这里写图片描述

四、上传图片
需要用到的外部模块：需要用到外部模块： Felix Geisendörfer 开发的 node-formidable 模块
用 NPM 包管理器安装：

npm install formidable

1、 requestHandlers.js 添加图片展示模块，修改上传模块

var querystring = require('querystring');
//可将文件读取到服务器中
fs = require('fs');
//解析上传文件数据
formidable = require("formidable");

function start(response, request) {
    console.log("chuliqingqiu'start' kaiqi.");

    var body = '<html>'+
        '<head>'+
        '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; '+
        'charset=UTF-8" />'+
        '</head>'+
        '<body>'+
        '<form action="/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" '+
        'method="post">'+
        '<input type="file" name="upload">'+
        '<input type="submit" value=" 上 传 " />'+
        '</form>'+
        '</body>'+
        '</html>';


    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/html"});
    response.write(body);
    response.end();
}

function upload(response, request) {
    console.log("处理请求 'upload' 开启.");

    var form = new formidable.IncomingForm();
    console.log("加载解析");
    form.parse(request, function(error, fields, files) {
        console.log("解析完成");

        var is = fs.createReadStream(files.upload.path); //获得数据流，这里的path就是上传的文件路径，与用户上传文件的路径相同
        var os = fs.createWriteStream("./1.png"); //把数据流写入1.png，这里的1.png才是我们临时存储的路径
        is.pipe(os);
        is.on('end',function(){
            fs.unlinkSync(files.upload.path); //同步版的unlink,删除文件操作
        });

        //fs.renameSync(files.upload.path, "./tmp/test.png");
        response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/html"});
        response.write("收到图片:<br/>");
        response.write("<img src='/show' />"); //这里的/show表示请求/show
        response.end();
    });

}


function show(response) {
    console.log("处理请求 'show' 开启.");
    fs.readFile("./1.png", "binary", function(error, file) {
        if(error) {
            response.writeHead(500, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
            response.write(error + "\n");
            response.end();
        } else {
            response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "image/png"});
            response.write(file, "binary");
            response.end();
        }
    });
}


exports.start = start;
exports.upload = upload;
exports.show = show;

2、 index.js 添加新的请求处理到路由映射表

/**
 * Created by CHENGVI on 7/15/2016.
 */
var server = require("./server");
var router = require("./router");
var requestHandlers=require("./requestHandle");

var handle = {};
handle["/"] = requestHandlers.start;
handle["/start"] = requestHandlers.start;
handle["/upload"] = requestHandlers.upload;
handle["/show"] = requestHandlers.show;

server.start(router.route,handle);

3、server.js 移除对postData的处理以及request.setEncoding （这部分node-formidable自身会处理），转而采用将request对象传递给请求路由的方式：

var http = require("http"),
    url  = require("url");

function start(route, handle) {
    function onRequest(request, response) {
        var postData = '',
            pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;
        console.log("qingqiu "+pathname+" xaingying");
        route(handle,pathname,response,request);
    }

    http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8080);
    console.log("chenggong：httpd start @8080");
}

exports.start = start;

4、 router.js 不需要传递postData了，而要传递request对象

function route(handle, pathname, response, request) {
    console.log("route qingqiulujing：" + pathname);
    if (typeof handle[pathname] === 'function') {
        handle[pathname](response, request);
    } else {
        console.log("找不到路径 " + pathname);
        response.writeHead(404, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
        response.write("404 Not found");
        response.end();
    }
}

exports.route = route;