Springcloud之Hystrix

简介

Hystrix是一个用于处理分布式系统的延迟和容错的开源库,在分布式系统里,许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败,比如超时,异常等,Hystrix能够保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下,不会导致整体服务失败,避免级联故障,以提高分布式系统的弹性;
"断路器"本身是一种开关装置,当某个服务单元发生故障之后,通过断路器的故障监控(类似熔断保险丝),向调用方返回一个符合预期的,可处理的备选响应(FallBack),而不是长时间的等待或者抛出调用方无法处理的异常,这样就保证了服务调用方的线程不会被长时间,不必要地占用,从而避免了故障在分布式系统中的蔓延,乃至雪崩。

    特性：1.1 服务熔断

熔断机制是应对雪崩效应的一种微服务链路保护机制;当扇出链路的某个微服务不可用或者响应时间太长时,会进行服务的降级,进而熔断该节点微服务的调用,快速返回"错误"的响应信息;当检测到该节点微服务调用正常后恢复调用链路;

       1.2 服务降级

服务降级:整体资源快不够了,忍痛将某些服务先关掉,待渡过难关,再开启回来;
服务降级处理是在客户端实现完成的,与服务端没有关系;当某个服务熔断之后,服务器将不再被调用,此时客户端可以自己准备一个本地的fallback回调,返回一个缺省值;

入门代码实现

创建一个springboot项目：hystrix-demo 搭建eureka参考搭建eureka

配置文件 application.yml

server:
  port: 8082
spring:
  application:
    name: hystrix-demo
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
# feign使用hystrix进行回退
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true
# 端点管理 hystrixDashboard
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"

pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.gj</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>hystrix</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>hystrix</name>
    <description>Hystrix介绍</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.gjing</groupId>
            <artifactId>tools-httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

启动类添加注解

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrixDashboard

编写service类

127.0.0.1:8090/test地址为demo应用地址 demo搭建参考：demo搭建

@Service
public class TestService {

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "defaultFallback")
    String hello() {
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        return httpClient.get("http://127.0.0.1:8090/test", String.class);
    }

    public String defaultFallback() {
        return "no hello";
    }
}

编写controller

@RestController
public class TestController {

    @Resource
    private TestService testService;

    @PostMapping("/test")
    public String test() {
        return testService.hello();
    }
}

启动 应用

启动eureka，demo，hystrix应用，访问http://localhost:8082/hystrix：

测试结果：http://localhost:8082/test

用post方法测试，浏览器支持get方法，测试demo应用启动和不启动返回结果