ConcurrentHashMap是Concurrent包里提供的一个解决并发问题的HashMap,试着从源代码来认识这个类
首先我们来看一下ConcurrentHashMap中两个重要的内部类:Node(节点)和Segment(桶)
Node的源代码如下
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final int hash;
final K key;
volatile V val;
volatile Node<K,V> next;
Node(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
this.hash = hash;
this.key = key;
this.val = val;
this.next = next;
}
public final K getKey() { return key; }
public final V getValue() { return val; }
public final int hashCode() { return key.hashCode() ^ val.hashCode(); }
public final String toString(){ return key + "=" + val; }
public final V setValue(V value) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public final boolean equals(Object o) {
Object k, v, u; Map.Entry<?,?> e;
return ((o instanceof Map.Entry) &&
(k = (e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o).getKey()) != null &&
(v = e.getValue()) != null &&
(k == key || k.equals(key)) &&
(v == (u = val) || v.equals(u)));
}
/**
* Virtualized support for map.get(); overridden in subclasses.
*/
Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
Node<K,V> e = this;
if (k != null) {
do {
K ek;
if (e.hash == h &&
((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
return null;
}
}
其中构造函数中需要对四个成员变量进行初期化:Key,Value,hash(散列值),next(下一个节点)
需要注意的几个方法是
setValue()时直接抛出以一个异常?(UnsupportedOperationException)
hashCode()返回该节点的散列值,该散列值为key与value的散列值按位与算出
equalsIO方法需要判断key值相同且value值相同
find()方法根据散列值及key值,遍历所有节点值取得对象节点,没有取得相应节点时返回null
其中setValue()与Hashmap不同,find()为新增方法,另外,java8中HashMap引入了树结构,在ConcurrentHashMap中尚未有反映
接下来看Segment的源代码。
static class Segment<K,V> extends ReentrantLock implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2249069246763182397L;
final float loadFactor;
Segment(float lf) { this.loadFactor = lf; }
}
作为ConcurrentHashMap重要的内部类,Segment的代码只有三行,需要注意的是继承了ReentrantLock方法,可以认为Segment也是一种锁结构,构造函数中初始化了负载因子。
Segment的代码在Java8中极大地简化。相对应的是Java8版本的ConcurrentHashMap中出现了TreeNode和TreeBin结构。应该是利用红黑树进行了数据存储。仅红黑树这一节就足够写一篇很长的笔记了,我们先把它放在一边,先看核心的get/set机能
/**
* Maps the specified key to the specified value in this table.
* Neither the key nor the value can be null.
*
* <p>The value can be retrieved by calling the {@code get} method
* with a key that is equal to the original key.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param value value to be associated with the specified key
* @return the previous value associated with {@code key}, or
* {@code null} if there was no mapping for {@code key}
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
*/
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(key, value, false);
}
/** Implementation for put and putIfAbsent */
final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
int binCount = 0;
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
tab = initTable();
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
break; // no lock when adding to empty bin
}
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
else {
V oldVal = null;
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
if (fh >= 0) {
binCount = 1;
for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
K ek;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
oldVal = e.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
e.val = value;
break;
}
Node<K,V> pred = e;
if ((e = e.next) == null) {
pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
value, null);
break;
}
}
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
Node<K,V> p;
binCount = 2;
if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
value)) != null) {
oldVal = p.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
p.val = value;
}
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0) {
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
treeifyBin(tab, i);
if (oldVal != null)
return oldVal;
break;
}
}
}
addCount(1L, binCount);
return null;
}
ConcurrentHashMap与HashMap的一个区别就是,ConcurrentHashMap不允许Key值为null,为null的时候会直接抛出一个空指针异常
未完待续