声明
[captures](optional)(c++20) ( params ) specifiers(optional) exception attr ->
ret { body }
例子:
//ret operator()(params) {body}
auto sum = [](int a, int b) { return a + b;};
//template<template-params>
//ret operator()(params) { body }
auto smaller = []<class T>(T a, auto&& b) {return a < b;};
参数
captures: 用来操作**非**lambda函数传入参数(params)的变量
a comma-separated list of zero or more captures, optionally beginning with a capture-default.Capture list can be passed as follows (see below for the detailed description):
[a,&b]
where a is captured by copy and b is captured by reference.[this]
captures the current object (*this
) by reference[&]
captures all automatic variables used in the body of the lambda by reference and current object by reference if exists[=]
captures all automatic variables used in the body of the lambda by copy and current object by reference if exists[]
captures nothing
例子:
int main(){
// a没有传进函数f和g,通过capture在lambda函数中使用
int a = 5;
// same as: auto f = [&](int b){...}
auto f = [&a](int b){
a = a + b;
return a;
};
auto g = [=](int b) mutable{
a = a + b;
return a;
};
cout << g(3) << endl; // 8
cout << a << endl; // 5, by copy, don't change a's value
cout << f(3) << endl; // 8
cout << a << endl; // 8
// [&a], capture a by reference
// [&, a], capture all automatic variables used in lambda body by reference default
// while capture `a` by copy
// [=, &a], capture all by copy default, capture `a` by reference
return 0;
}
常见使用案例:最主要的使用是和stl库相结合使用。
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
int main()
{
std::vector<int> c = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
int x = 5;
c.erase(std::remove_if(c.begin(), c.end(), [x](int n) { return n < x; }), c.end());
std::cout << "c: ";
std::for_each(c.begin(), c.end(), [](int i){ std::cout << i << ' '; });
std::cout << '\n';
// the type of a closure cannot be named, but can be inferred with auto
auto func1 = [](int i) { return i + 4; };
std::cout << "func1: " << func1(6) << '\n';
// like all callable objects, closures can be captured in std::function
// (this may incur unnecessary overhead)
std::function<int(int)> func2 = [](int i) { return i + 4; };
std::cout << "func2: " << func2(6) << '\n';
}