C# Net Core 之 事件总线(EventBus)

EventBus是一种消息传递模式，用于在应用程序中实现解耦和异步通信。它通常用于在不同组件之间传递事件，而不需要它们直接相互依赖。这种模式特别适用于基于事件驱动的架构，如UI框架和微服务架构。

EventBus 的基本概念

• 事件：事件是一些发生的事情，通常包含某种数据。事件对象通常包含有关事件的信息。

• 事件发布者：事件发布者是触发事件的组件。当某个事件发生时，发布者会将事件发布到EventBus。

• 事件订阅者：事件订阅者是对某个特定事件感兴趣的组件。订阅者会向EventBus注册自己，以便在事件发生时接收到通知。

• EventBus：EventBus是中介，它管理事件的发布和订阅。它负责将事件从发布者传递给相应的订阅者。

以下是一个简单的案例分享

首先，定义事件基类以及事件处理器

internal abstract class BaseEvent
{
    public BaseEvent()
    {
        Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
    }

    public string Id { get; private set; }
}

internal abstract class BaseEventHandler
{
    public readonly BaseEvent BEvent;

    public BaseEventHandler(BaseEvent baseEvent)
    {
        BEvent = baseEvent;
    }

    public abstract Task Handle();
}

定义IEventBus接口：订阅、发布以及接触订阅

internal interface IEventBus
{
    void Subscribe<TEvent, TEventHandler>(TEvent @event, TEventHandler @eventHandler) where TEvent : BaseEvent 
                                            where TEventHandler : BaseEventHandler;

    void Unsubscribe<TEvent, TEventHandler>(TEvent @event, TEventHandler @eventHandler) where TEvent : BaseEvent
                                              where TEventHandler : BaseEventHandler;

    void UnsubscribeAll<TEvent>() where TEvent : BaseEvent;

    void Publish<TEvent>() where TEvent : BaseEvent;
}

实现事件总线EventBus

internal class EventBus : IEventBus
{
    private ConcurrentDictionary<Type, List<BaseEventHandler>> _eventDict = new();

    public void Subscribe<TEvent, TEventHandler>(TEvent @event, TEventHandler @eventHandler)
        where TEvent : BaseEvent
        where TEventHandler : BaseEventHandler
    {
        if (!_eventDict.ContainsKey(typeof(TEvent)))
        {
            List<BaseEventHandler> eventHandlers = new()
            {
                @eventHandler
            };
            _eventDict.TryAdd(typeof(TEvent), eventHandlers);
        }
        else
        {
            _eventDict[typeof(TEvent)].Add(@eventHandler);
        }
        Console.WriteLine($"Event:{@event.Id} has been subscribe, {typeof(TEvent).Name} Count: {_eventDict[typeof(TEvent)].Count}");
    }

    public void Publish<TEvent>() where TEvent : BaseEvent
    {
        if (_eventDict.TryGetValue(typeof(TEvent), out var events))
        {
            events.ForEach(e =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{typeof(TEvent).Name} invoke");
                e.Handle();
            });
        }
    }

    public void Unsubscribe<TEvent, TEventHandler>(TEvent @event, TEventHandler @eventHandler)
        where TEvent : BaseEvent
        where TEventHandler : BaseEventHandler
    {
        if (_eventDict.TryGetValue(typeof(TEvent), out var events))
        {
            events.RemoveAll(e => e.GetHashCode() == @eventHandler.GetHashCode());
            Console.WriteLine($"Event:{@event.Id} has been removed, {typeof(TEvent).Name} Count: {events.Count}");
        }
    }

    public void UnsubscribeAll<TEvent>() where TEvent : BaseEvent
    {
        if (_eventDict.TryRemove(typeof(TEvent), out _))
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"All {typeof(TEvent).Name} has been removed");
        }
    }
}

创建TestEvent类，进行测试

internal class TestEvent : BaseEvent
{
    public TestEvent(string _message)
    {
        Message = _message;
    }

    public string Message { get; private set; }
}

internal class TestEventHandler : BaseEventHandler
{
    public TestEventHandler(TestEvent baseEvent) : base(baseEvent)
    {
        data = baseEvent;
    }

    public TestEvent data { get; private set; }

    public override Task Handle()
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"Event_Id:{data.Id}, Message:{data.Message}");
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

调用，打印结果

internal class Program
{
    private static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        IEventBus eventBus = new EventBus();

        TestEvent testEvent = new("Test event `1");
        TestEventHandler testEventHandler = new TestEventHandler(testEvent);
        eventBus.Subscribe(testEvent, testEventHandler);

        testEvent = new TestEvent("Test event `2");
        testEventHandler = new TestEventHandler(testEvent);
        eventBus.Subscribe(testEvent, testEventHandler);

        eventBus.Publish<TestEvent>();

        eventBus.Unsubscribe(testEvent, testEventHandler);

        Console.ReadLine();
    }
}

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