Java中的容器ArrayList的扩容是按1.5倍进行的,以ArrayList的add()方法为例分析一下其内部实现。
add()方法的源码如下:
/**
* Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
*
* @param e element to be appended to this list
* @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
*/
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
可以看到,每次增加元素时都要确保ArrayList的容量要足够使用:如果容量足够,则下标加一,将元素加入(其底层elementData是一个数组);如果容量不够,则需要进行扩容。具体实现在方法ensureCapacityInternal()中:
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
grow(minCapacity);
}
首先是刚开始时,数组默认为空,然后创建默认长度DEFAULT_CAPACITY为10的数组。当要新加入一个元素时,传入参数minCapacity(实际元素个数+1)作为判断依据,比较对象为elementData.length(数组的长度,并不一定等于实际元素个数),如果容量不够,则进行扩容,即grow()方法:
/**
* Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the
* number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
*
* @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
*/
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
在进行扩容时,通常情况下:新容量=旧容量+旧容量/2(取整),旧容量是指当前的数组长度而不是实际元素个数,即可实现1.5倍扩容。当然如果容量超过了MAX_ARRAY_SIZE(虚拟机限制),那新容量就等于 231-1,此时可能会产生OutOfMemoryError错误。当确定了新容量后,就需要进行数组拷贝扩容Arrays.copyOf():
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T[] copyOf(T[] original, int newLength) {
return (T[]) copyOf(original, newLength, original.getClass());
}
public static <T,U> T[] copyOf(U[] original, int newLength, Class<? extends T[]> newType) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T[] copy = ((Object)newType == (Object)Object[].class)
? (T[]) new Object[newLength]
: (T[]) Array.newInstance(newType.getComponentType(), newLength);
System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0,
Math.min(original.length, newLength));
return copy;
}
简单地说就是创建新容量大小的新数组,将原数组的数据拷贝过去。具体的拷贝操作System.arraycopy()则是本地方法(外部语言)实现的,无法看到源码:
public static native void arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos,
Object dest, int destPos,
int length);