C51库函数

1.前言

重新回来审视单片机的开发，发现C51居然也支持库函数的开发。库函数中支持printf的串口输出函数、memcpy类的内存操作函数、malloc/free类的内存申请与释放函数、sin类的数学计算函数。

库函数的使用不仅可以加快开发效率，还能提供友好的程序跨平台移植特性。

2.库函数

C51库函数的帮助文档可以在Keil4的安装目录下找到，相对地址为：Keil4\C51\hlp\c51.chm，文档内的Library Reference目录下有以类别划分的库函数（Routines By Category）、有头文件介绍（Include Files）、有单个函数的介绍（Reference）。其中划分的库函数类别主要有：

缓存操作类（Buffer Manipulation Routines）

字符类（Character Routines）

数据转换类（Data Conversion Routines）

数学类（Math Routines）

内存分配类（Memory Allocation Routines）

IO流类（Stream I/O Routines）

字符串类（String Routines）

可变长度参数（Variable Length Argument Routines）

本征库函数（Intrinsic Routines）

其他（Miscellaneous Routines）

3.详细分类

缓存操作类（Buffer Manipulation Routines）

Routine	Include	Description
memccpy	string.h	Copies data bytes from one buffer to another until a specified character or specified number of characters has been copied.
memchr	string.h	Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of a specified character in a buffer.
memcmp	string.h	Compares a given number of characters from two different buffers.
memcpy	string.h	Copies a specified number of data bytes from one buffer to another.
memmove	string.h	Copies a specified number of data bytes from one buffer to another. This routine is typically used when the two buffers may overlap.
memset	string.h	Initializes a specified number of data bytes in a buffer to a specified character value.

字符类（Character Routines）

Routine	Include	Description
isalnum	ctype.h	Tests for an alphanumeric character.
isalpha	ctype.h	Tests for an alphabetic character.
iscntrl	ctype.h	Tests for a Control character.
isdigit	ctype.h	Tests for a decimal digit.
isgraph	ctype.h	Tests for a printable character with the exception of space.
islower	ctype.h
isprint	ctype.h	Tests for a printable character.
ispunct	ctype.h	Tests for a punctuation character.
isspace	ctype.h	Tests for a whitespace character.
isupper	ctype.h	Tests for an uppercase alphabetic character.
isxdigit	ctype.h	Tests for a hexadecimal digit.
toascii	ctype.h	Converts a character to an ASCII code.
toint	ctype.h	Converts a hexadecimal digit to a decimal value.
tolower	ctype.h	Tests a character and converts it to lowercase if it is uppercase.
_tolower	ctype.h	Unconditionally converts a character to lowercase.
toupper	ctype.h	Tests a character and converts it to uppercase if it is lowercase.
_toupper	ctype.h	Unconditionally converts a character to uppercase.

数据转换类（Data Conversion Routines）

Routine	Include	Description
abs	math.h	Generates the absolute value of an integer type.
atof	stdlib.h	Converts a string to a float.
atoi	stdlib.h	Converts a string to an int.
atol	stdlib.h	Converts a string to a long.
cabs	math.h	Generates the absolute value of a character type.
labs	math.h	Generates the absolute value of a long type.
strtod	stdlib.h	Converts a string to a float.
strtol	stdlib.h	Converts a string to a long.
strtoul	stdlib.h	Converts a string to an unsigned long.

数学类（Math Routines）

Routine	Include	Description
acos	math.h	Calculates the arc cosine of a specified number.
asin	math.h	Calculates the arc sine of a specified number.
atan	math.h	Calculates the arc tangent of a specified number.
atan2	math.h	Calculates the arc tangent of a fraction.
ceil	math.h	Finds the integer ceiling of a specified number.
cos	math.h	Calculates the cosine of a specified number.
cosh	math.h	Calculates the hyperbolic cosine of a specified number.
exp	math.h	Calculates the exponential function of a specified number.
fabs	math.h
floor	math.h	Finds the largest integer less than or equal to a specified number.
fmod	math.h	Calculates the floating-point remainder.
log	math.h	Calculates the natural logarithm of a specified number.
log10	math.h	Calculates the common logarithm of a specified number.
modf	math.h	Generates integer and fractional components of a specified number.
pow	math.h	Calculates a value raised to a power.
rand	stdlib.h	Generates a pseudo random number.
sin	math.h	Calculates the sine of a specified number.
sinh	math.h	Calculates the hyperbolic sine of a specified number.
srand	stdlib.h	Initializes the pseudo random number generator.
sqrt	math.h	Calculates the square root of a specified number.
tan	math.h	Calculates the tangent of a specified number.
tanh	math.h	Calculates the hyperbolic tangent of a specified number.
_chkfloat_	intrins.h	Checks the status of a floating-point number.
_crol_	intrins.h	Rotates an unsigned char left a specified number of bits.
_cror_	intrins.h	Rotates an unsigned char right a specified number of bits.
_irol_	intrins.h	Rotates an unsigned int left a specified number of bits.
_iror_	intrins.h	Rotates an unsigned int right a specified number of bits.
_lrol_	intrins.h	Rotates an unsigned long left a specified number of bits.
_lror_	intrins.h	Rotates an unsigned long right a specified number of bits.

内存分配类（Memory Allocation Routines）

Routine	Include	Description
calloc	stdlib.h	Allocates storage for an array from the memory pool.
free	stdlib.h	Frees a memory block that was allocated using calloc, malloc, or realloc.
init_mempool	stdlib.h	Initializes the memory location and size of the memory pool.
malloc	stdlib.h	Allocates a block from the memory pool.
realloc	stdlib.h	Reallocates a block from the memory pool.

IO流类（Stream I/O Routines）

Routine	Include	Description
getchar	stdio.h	Reads and echoes a character using the _getkey and putchar routines.
_getkey	stdio.h	Reads a character using the 8051 serial interface.
gets	stdio.h	Reads and echoes a character string using the getchar routine.
printf	stdio.h	Writes formatted data using the putchar routine.
putchar	stdio.h	Writes a character using the 8051 serial interface.
puts	stdio.h	Writes a character string and newline ('\n') character using the putchar routine.
scanf	stdio.h	Reads formatted data using the getchar routine.
sprintf	stdio.h	Writes formatted data to a string.
sscanf	stdio.h	Reads formatted data from a string.
ungetchar	stdio.h	Places a character back into the getchar input buffer.
vprintf	stdio.h	Writes formatted data using the putchar function.
vsprintf	stdio.h	Writes formatted data to a string.

字符串类（String Routines）

Routine	Include	Description
strcat	string.h	Concatenates two strings.
strchr	string.h	Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of a specified character in a string.
strcmp	string.h	Compares two strings.
strcpy	string.h	Copies one string to another.
strcspn	string.h	Returns the index of the first character in a string that matches any character in a second string.
strlen	string.h	Returns the length of a string.
strncat	string.h	Concatenates up to a specified number of characters from one string to another.
strncmp	string.h	Compares two strings up to a specified number of characters.
strncpy	string.h	Copies up to a specified number of characters from one string to another.
strpbrk	string.h	Returns a pointer to the first character in a string that matches any character in a second string.
strpos	string.h	Returns the index of the first occurrence of a specified character in a string.
strrchr	string.h	Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of a specified character in a string.
strrpbrk	string.h	Returns a pointer to the last character in a string that matches any character in a second string.
strrpos	string.h	Returns the index of the last occurrence of a specified character in a string.
strspn	string.h	Returns the index of the first character in a string that does not match any character in a second string.
strstr	string.h	Returns a pointer in a string that is identical to a second sub-string.

可变长度参数（Variable Length Argument Routines）

Routine	Include	Description
va_arg	stdarg.h	Retrieves an argument from an argument list.
va_end	stdarg.h	Resets an argument pointer.
va_start	stdarg.h	Sets a pointer to the beginning of an argument list.

本征库函数（Intrinsic Routines）

Routine	Include	Description
_chkfloat_	intrins.h	Checks the status of a floating-point number.
_crol_	intrins.h	Rotates an unsigned char left a specified number of bits.
_cror_	intrins.h	Rotates an unsigned char right a specified number of bits.
_irol_	intrins.h	Rotates an unsigned int left a specified number of bits.
_iror_	intrins.h	Rotates an unsigned int right a specified number of bits.
_nop_	intrins.h	Executes one NOP instruction.
_pop_	intrins.h	Pops an SFR from the hardware stack using the POP instruction.
_push_	intrins.h	Pushes an SFR onto the hardware stack using the PUSH instruction.
_testbit_	intrins.h	Tests the value of a bit and clears it to 0.

其他（Miscellaneous Routines）

Routine	Include	Description
setjmp	setjump.h	Saves the current stack condition and program address.
longjmp	setjump.h	Restores the stack condition and program address.
_nop_	intrins.h	Inserts an 8051 NOP instruction.
_testbit_	intrins.h	Tests the value of a bit and clears it to 0.

4.例程

Keil4为C51提供了较为丰富的例程，例程在Keil的安装目录下，相对地址为：Keil4\C51\Examples。

 

参考资料：

1. Keil C51的库函数

2. Keil C51的库函数

附件：