组合模式(Composite),将对象组合成树形结构以表示“部分-整体”的层次结构,组合模式使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。组合模式的目的是让客户端不再区分操作的是组合对象(Composite)还是叶子对象(Leaf),而是以一个统一的方式来操作。实现这个目标的关键之处,是设计一个抽象的组件类,让它可以代表组合对象和叶子对象。这样一来,客户端就不用区分到底是组合对象还是叶子对象了,只需要全部当成组件对象进行统一的操作就可以了。计算机系统的文件夹相当于组合模式的Composite,文件相当于组合模式的Leaf。本文按照下面的类图,用Matlab代码实现组合模式。
Component.m
classdef Component < handle & matlab.mixin.Heterogeneous
properties(Access = protected)
name
end
methods
function obj = Component(name)
obj.name = name;
end
end
methods(Abstract)
Add(~,~);
Remove(~,~);
Display(~,~);
end
methods(Sealed)
function res = eq(obj1,obj2)
res = eq@handle(obj1,obj2);
end
function res = ne(obj1,obj2)
res = ne@handle(obj1,obj2);
end
end
end
Composite.m
classdef Composite < Component
properties(Access = private)
children = Component.empty();
end
methods
function obj = Composite(name)
obj = obj@Component(name);
end
function Add(obj,c)
obj.children(end + 1)=c;
end
function Remove(obj,c)
index = [obj.children] ~= c;
obj.children = obj.children(index);
end
function Display(obj,depth)
temp = "";
for i = 1:depth
temp = temp + "-";
end
disp(temp + obj.name);
for i = 1:length(obj.children)
obj.children(i).Display(depth + 1);
end
end
end
end
Leaf.m
classdef Leaf < Component
methods
function obj = Leaf(name)
obj = obj@Component(name);
end
function Add(~,~)
end
function Remove(~,~)
end
function Display(obj,depth)
temp = "";
for i = 1:depth
temp = temp + "-";
end
disp(temp + obj.name);
end
end
end
测试代码:
root = Composite("Composite root");
compX = Composite("Composite X");
root.Add(Leaf("Leaf A"));
root.Add(compX);
root.Add(Leaf("Leaf B"));
compX.Add(Leaf("Leaf XA"));
compX.Add(Leaf("Leaf XB"));
compXY = Composite("Composite XY");
compX.Add(compXY);
leafXYA = Leaf("Leaf XYA");
compXY.Add(leafXYA);
compXY.Add(Leaf("Leaf XYB"));
compXY.Remove(leafXYA);
root.Display(0);
运行结果: