创建者模式又叫建造者模式(Builder),是将一个复杂的对象的构建与它的表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。创建者模式隐藏了复杂对象的创建过程,它把复杂对象的创建过程加以抽象,通过子类继承或者重载的方式,动态的创建具有复合属性的对象。本文以创建计算机为例,使用Matlab语言来实现。
Computer.m (要构造的复杂对象)
classdef Computer < handle
properties
name = "";
CPU = "";
memory = "";
disk = "";
end
methods
function set.name(obj,name)
obj.name = name;
end
function name = get.name(obj)
name = obj.name;
end
function set.CPU(obj,CPU)
obj.CPU = CPU;
end
function CPU = get.CPU(obj)
CPU = obj.CPU;
end
function set.memory(obj,memory)
obj.memory = memory;
end
function memory = get.memory(obj)
memory = obj.memory;
end
function set.disk(obj,disk)
obj.disk = disk;
end
function disk = get.disk(obj)
disk = obj.disk;
end
function showInfo(obj)
disp("Computer:"+obj.name+"{CPU:"+obj.CPU+",memory:"+obj.memory+",disk:"+obj.disk+"}");
end
end
end
Builder.m (抽象的构造者)
classdef Builder < handle
methods(Abstract)
setName(~,~);
setCPU(~,~);
setMemory(~,~);
setDisk(~,~);
build(~);
end
end
ConcreteBuilder.m (具体的构造者)
classdef ConcreteBuilder < Builder
properties
name = "";
CPU = "";
memory = "";
disk = "";
end
methods
function obj = setName(obj,name)
obj.name = name;
end
function obj = setCPU(obj,CPU)
obj.CPU = CPU;
end
function obj = setMemory(obj,memory)
obj.memory = memory;
end
function obj = setDisk(obj,disk)
obj.disk = disk;
end
function computer = build(obj)
computer = Computer();
computer.name = obj.name;
computer.CPU = obj.CPU;
computer.memory = obj.memory;
computer.disk = obj.disk;
end
end
end
Director.m (指导者,负责调用构造对象的逻辑,控制相应的构造顺序)
classdef Director
methods
function computer = getComputer(~,builder)
computer = builder.setName("dell")...
.setCPU("intel i5")...
.setMemory("4G")...
.setDisk("1T")...
.build();
end
end
end
test.m
builder = ConcreteBuilder();
director = Director();
computer = director.getComputer(builder);
computer.showInfo();
结果展示:
参考资料: